Polygalic acid (Senegenic acid), a triterpenoid saponin, is a major active ingredient in Polygala tenuifolia. Polygalic acid shows expectorant, emetic and stimulant effects.

3',6-Disinapoylsucrose (Disinapoyl sucrose) shows the neuroprotective effect and antidepressive activity in rats.

Tenuifolin has no inherent toxicity to either the transfected or wild type cells at the effective concentrations, it inhibits amyloid-β secretion in vitro.

Tenuifoliside A has anti-apoptotic , neuroprotective activity. And tenuifoliside A has anti-inflammatory effect, which is mediated by the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Onjisaponin B induces autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway, increases the NGF level and accelerates both the removal of mutant huntingtin and A53T α±-synuclein, it may have potential therapeutic effects on Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease.

3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic acid (O-Methylsinapic acid) (TMCA) is one of the constituents of Polygalae Radix and may exert anti-seizure activity by acting at the GABAA BZ receptor complex.

Tenuigenin (Senegenin) is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia used in Chinese medicine with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity.

Polygalaxanthone III can significantly inhibit chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1.

Polygalasaponin possesses evident anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic activities and has a relatively safe dose range, which supports the use of Polygala tenuifolia root as an anxiolytic and sedative-hypnotic drug in folk medicine.

Sibiricaxanthone B is an xanthone isolated from C. breviscapa and has sedative, anticonvulsant and antidepressant properties.

Polygalasaponin F has anti-neuroinflammatory activity, can inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases. Polygalasaponin F can significantly i

7-O-MethylMangiferin is an xanthone isolated from the rhizomes of Iris nigricans.

Tenuifoliside C, isolated from Polygala tenuifolia Willd, is a targeted lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor that significantly inhibits chlorzoxazone 6-hydroxylation catalyzed by CYP2E1[1].

Glomeratose A, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor (LDH), [Compound BBX] is a small molecule that targets enzyme inhibitors (MJBB-_13798), effectively reducing lactate production in cells, thereby influencing metabolic processes and demonstrating potential therapeutic applications in conditions characterized by elevated lactate levels.

Polygalacin D shows anti- proliferation, anti-inflammary, and hepatoprotective activities, it can inhibit the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 protein and mRNA without an appreciable cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and can suppress induction by LPS of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Sibiricose A5 is a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, it displays antidepressant-like, and antioxidant actions. Sibiricose A5 can protect PC12 cells damage induced by P. tenuifolia.

Tenuifoliside B is a natural product from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia.And is a target lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor. Tenuifoliside B has cognitive improving and cerebral protective effects. it can inhibit potassium cyanide (KCN)-induced hypoxia and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Polygalaxanthone XI is an xanthone glycoside isolated from the cortex of Polygala tenuifolia, which can be used in studies of expectorants and to promote psychostability.

1. Sibiricose A6 displays antidepressant-like action, it may prevent or relieve depression. 2. Sibiricose A6 shows potent antioxidant activity.

7-Z-Trifostigmanoside I is a natural product from Polygala hongkongensis Hemsl.

Sibiricose A1 is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN5016 and the CAS number is 139726-40-2.

1,7-Dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone exhibits antiulcerogenic, anti-oxidation, and antihyperalgesic activities and can inhibit carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia.

Polygalasaponin XXXV is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN6533 and the CAS number is 184479-28-5.

Polygalasaponin XLIX is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN6532 and the CAS number is 1033593-12-2.

Sibiricaxanthone A (Sibiricaxanthone A) is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia

Arillanin A is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

4-Hydroxyvertixanthone is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN4522 and the CAS number is 85003-85-6.

Bayogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside is a natural product from Polygala japonica Houtt.

Polygalasaponin E is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN6531 and the CAS number is 882664-72-4.

1,7-Dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN2521 and the CAS number is 145523-71-3.

6-Hydroxy-1,2,3,7-tetramethoxyxanthone is a natural product from Polygala sibirica L.

Tenuifoliose A is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

1,7-Dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone may have medicinal use in managing inflammation, asthma, and allergy; it non-competitively but reversibly antagonizes contractions induced by chemical inflammatory mediators in the guinea pig trachea in vitro and significantly inhibits LPS-induced NO production in BV2 microglia cells.

Onjisaponin Z is a natural product known as a triterpenoid saponin, characterized by its molecular structure that includes a sapogenin (aglycone) attached to one or more sugar moieties. Commonly found in the root of the medicinal herb Polygala tenuifolia, Onjisaponin Z exhibits a range of pharmacological effects, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.

Arganine B is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN6438 and the CAS number is 144425-21-8.

Polygalacin D2 may have antimicrobial activity.

1,2,3,6,7-Pentamethoxyxanthone is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia.

Sibiricose A4 is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN6439 and the CAS number is 241125-73-5.

Tenuifoliose J is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia Willd

Polygalin C is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN6529 and the CAS number is 934768-05-5.

1,3,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxyxanthone shows different anti-oxidation activities.

Methyl 8-hydroxy-3-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-6-methyl-9-oxo-9H-furo[3,4-b]chromene-1-carboxylate is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is TN4537 and the CAS number is 96287-41-1.

Lancerin, extracted from the root bark of Cudrania cochinchinensis, exhibits antioxidative activity against lipid peroxidation.

Onjixanthone II is a natural product from Polygala tenuifolia.

Polygalacic acid (Virgaureagenin G)(PA) significantly improves cholinergic system reactivity, as indicated by decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, increases choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity, and elevates levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, PA also significantly ameliorates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in mice; suggest that PA might exert a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive impairment, driven in part by the modulation of cholinergic activity and neuroinflammation. Polygalacic acid shows significant postingestive effects on Spodoptera littoralis larvae.

1,2,3,7-Tetramethoxyxanthone is a natural compound extracted from Polygala tenuifolia Willd.

Polygalin J can be used in research related to life sciences and its product number is TN6530.