virucidal

Monolaurin is a surfactant and emulsifer found in coconut oil. It inhibitis growth of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Gardnerella, Candida, and Haemophilus, and decreases production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

DDAC (Quaternium 12), also known as Didecyldimethylammonium chloride, is a dialkyl-quaternary ammonium compound widely utilized in various products due to its bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal characteristics.

RH12 is a dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2-related RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, IC50 of 4.42 nM) and human transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2, IC50 of 4.2 nM). It demonstrates antiviral activity by inhibiting viral replication and absorption, showing 90.5% virucidal effect in Vero-E6 cells. Additionally, RH12 inhibits Calu-3 cell viability with an IC50 of 17.5 nM.

Astodrimer (SPL7013 free base), a large (3-4 nm, ~16.5 kDa) and negatively charged dendrimer, possesses potent virucidal capabilities. Exhibiting antiviral and virucidal activities, it effectively targets a wide array of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HPV. Additionally, Astodrimer demonstrates antibacterial properties [1] [2] [3].

Sophorose, a disaccharide within sophorolipids synthesized by yeast, functions as a biosurfactant owing to its hydrophobic properties. It demonstrates multifaceted biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, spermicidal, virucidal, and anticancer effects. Furthermore, sophorose serves as a potent inducer of cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei during fermentation.

PROTACVif degrader-1 (Compound L15) is a Vif-targeted PROTAC degrader exhibiting anti-HIV-1 virucidal activity, with an EC50 of 33.35 μM against HIV-1IIIB.