sulfur

Sulfane Sulfur Probe 4 (SSP4) serves as a fluorescent probe targeting sulfane sulfur species, encompassing hydrogen sulfide-derived polysulfides, hydropersulfides, and persulfides generated endogenously. Upon interacting with these species, SSP4 undergoes a nucleophilic attack, leading to fluorescein production, characterized by 494 515 nm excitation emission peaks, along with the generation of two 1,2-benzodithiol-3-one molecules. This compound has been instrumental in localizing H2S3 within primary mouse neurons and identifying polysulfides in L. japonicus seedling roots.

Coelenteramine 400a (Coelenterazine 400a), a Coelenterazine derivative, serves as a substrate for Renilla luciferase (RLuc), facilitating the emission of blue light at 395 nm [1] [2]. This compound alters the bioluminescence color of RLuc by substituting the sulfur and oxygen heteroatoms in the methylene bridge. Coelenteramine 400a enhances signal resolution, proving useful in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) research [3].

Cy3 maleimide chloride is a Cyanine 3 (Cy3) dye derivative that includes maleimide functional groups. Cy3 exhibits fluorescence in the green to orange wavelength range. The alkyne group in Cy3 maleimide chloride facilitates a thiol-acrylamide reaction with sulfur-oxygen functional groups to create covalent bonds. It can attach to biological molecules like proteins and antibodies, enabling the tracking of their location and dynamic changes in biological samples.