proteasomal

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that suppresses HDAC1 activity and induces HDAC2 degradation, exhibiting oral bioavailability. Valproic Acid activates Notch1 signalling and inhibits the proliferation of small cell lung carcinoma cells, making it applicable for research into epilepsy and bipolar disorder.

Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium Valproate) is the sodium salt form of valproic acid with anti-epileptic activity. Valproic acid sodium salt is converted into its active form, valproate ion, in blood. Although the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, Valproic acid sodium salt increases concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, probably due to inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the catabolism of GABA. This potentiates the synaptic actions of GABA. Valproic acid sodium salt may also affect potassium channels, thereby creating a direct membrane-stabilizing effect.

Divalproex Sodium (Valproate semisodium) binds to and inhibits gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase and its anticonvulsant activity may be exerted by increasing brain concentration of GABA and by inhibiting enzymes that catabolize GABA or block the reuptake of GABA into glia and nerve endings. It also is an HDAC inhibitor, Comprised of sodium valproate and valproic acid with anticonvulsant and antiepileptic activities. Divalproex may also work by suppressing repetitive neuronal firing through the inhibition of voltage-sensitive sodium channels.

Obatoclax Mesylate (GX15-070) is a Bcl-2 antagonist (Ki: 0.22 μM) and can induce apoptosis with up-regulation of Bim, induced cytochrome c release, and activation of caspase-3.

MS 39 is a potent Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC) designed to degrade the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). The molecule is composed of three structural motifs: an EGFR target ligand (red part), a VHL E3 ligase ligand (S,R,S)-AHPC (blue part), and an undecanedioic acid linker (black part). By facilitating the formation of a ternary complex between EGFR and the VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, MS 39 triggers the polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of the receptor. MS 39 effectively reduces EGFR protein levels and inhibits downstream oncogenic signaling in HCC-827 and H3255 cell lines, leading to significant suppression of H3255 cancer cell proliferation.

(E)-Ferulic acid ((E)-Coniferic acid) causes the phosphorylation of β-catenin, resulting in proteasomal degradation of β-catenin and increases the expression of pro-apoptotic factor Bax and decreases the expression of pro-survival factor survivin.t(E)-Ferulic acid exert both anti-proliferation and anti-migration effects in the human lung cancer cell line H1299.

Nrf2 degrader 30 is a small molecule PROTAC that inhibits the degradation of Nrf2, thereby enhancing its activity. Nrf2 is a key transcription factor that regulates cellular antioxidant responses and various protective mechanisms. The activity of Nrf2 is primarily regulated by its interaction with Keap1, which serves as an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex adapter to promote Nrf2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation。

JH-XI-10-02 causes proteasomal degradation, does not affect CDK8 mRNA levels. JH-XI-10-02 shows no effect on CDK19. JH-XI-10-02 is a potent and selective degrader of CDK8, with an IC50 of 159 nM, based on PROTAC.

PR-924 is a selective inhibitor of tripeptide epoxyketone immunoproteasome subunit LMP-7 (IC50: 22 nM). PR-924 inhibits growth and triggers apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cells. PR-924 has antitumor activities. PR-924 covalently modifies proteasomal N-terminal threonine active sites.

ES-072, a selective inhibitor targeting the EGFR mutant (EGFR-T790M), is administered orally. By hindering EGFR-T790M activity, it activates GSK3α, which subsequently leads to the phosphorylation of PD-L1 at Ser279 and Ser283. This phosphorylation facilitates the recruitment of the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1, resulting in the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PD-L1. Such a process not only curtails the growth of cancer cells but also amplifies the anti-tumor immune response by diminishing PD-L1 levels. ES-072 has shown efficacy in impeding the proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

JBJ-08-178-01, a mutant-selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targets (HER2) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and exhibits antitumoral activity. This compound not only diminishes HER2's kinase activity and protein levels through the induction of proteasomal degradation of the receptor but also shows promise in non-small-cell lung cancer research.

Immunoproteasome Activator 1 (compound A) is a selective immunoproteasome activator that enhances the presentation of individual MHC-I binding peptides by over 100 times. It binds to the proteasomal structural subunit PSMA1 and facilitates the association of the proteasome activators PA28α/β (PSME1/PSME2) with the immunoproteasome.

CQ627 is a molecular glue that targets the degradation of RIOK2. It effectively recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF126, inducing the proteasomal degradation of RIOK2 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in MOLT4 leukemia cell lines, with a DC50 value of 410 nM. Additionally, CQ627 induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in these cells, blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and exhibits antiproliferative activity across various cancer cell lines. It also demonstrates in vivo anticancer activity in MOLT4 xenograft mouse models.

10-SLF is a PROTAC FKBP12 degrader. It facilitates the formation of a ternary complex between FKBP12 and FBXW7-R465C, leading to the proteasomal degradation of FKBP12 in a FBXW7-R465C-dependent manner. 10-SLF selectively reduces FKBP12 levels in cells that express FBXW7-R465C.

BMS-986458 is an oral heterobifunctional degrader that targets the Cereblon (CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase. By binding to the BTB domain of BCL6, it induces the formation of a ternary complex between BCL6 and CRBN, thereby promoting the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of BCL6. BMS-986458 exhibits high selectivity for BCL6 degradation while showing weak degradation activity toward known new CRBN substrates (such as Ikaros, Aiolos, SALL4, and GSPT1), making it a valuable tool for studying BCL6-related tumor signaling pathways and antitumor mechanisms.

Thalidomide-O-PEG1-OH is a PROTAC linker characterized by its combination of Thalidomide with O-ethyl. Thalidomide acts as a ligand for the E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to protein ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Additionally, the hydroxy group serves as a versatile handle, facilitating the formation of more complex structures through various reactions.

(S,R,S)-AHPC-Boc derivative 1 (Compound 80-9; VH032-Boc derivative 1) is a selective proteasomal degrader targeting MALT1, which recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRBN to form a ternary complex with MALT1. This interaction leads to the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of MALT1. By disrupting the CBM complex, (S,R,S)-AHPC-Boc derivative 1 inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway and shows potential in inducing apoptosis in ABC-DLBCL cells. It holds promise for research into MALT1-dependent cancers, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).

HRG038 is a selective covalent BRD4 degrader. It binds covalently to the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4 DCAF16, recruiting it to BRD4, which results in BRD4 ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. HRG038 holds potential for cancer research.

TCL1 acts as a selective non-covalent inhibitor targeting the Pru domain of the Rpn-13 subunit within the 19S regulatory particle (19S RP) of the proteasome, with an IC50 value around 26 μM. It disrupts the recognition and transport of ubiquitinated proteins by Rpn-13, thus inhibiting proteasomal degradation and affecting intracellular protein metabolism balance. TCL1 holds potential for research in hematologic malignancies.

BTR2004 is a selective PROTAC degrader targeting the BET family (BRD2/3/4) proteins. It facilitates the formation of a ternary complex with BRD proteins and KLHL20, leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation via the UPS pathway. BTR2004 shows potential for research in PC3 prostate cancer and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.

CB039 is a selective degrader targeting RBM39 (RNA binding motif protein 39). It facilitates the formation of a ternary complex between RBM39 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CUL4-DCAF15, resulting in the proteasomal degradation of RBM39. CB039 holds promise for research into cancers dependent on RBM39, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and ovarian cancer.

Apoptotic agent-5 (5d) is an apoptosis-inducing factor that inhibits the growth of triple-negative breast cancer cells. It reduces proteasomal degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, causing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and triggering apoptosis (apoptotic).

STAT3-D11-PROTAC-VHL (Compound D11-PROTAC) is a PROTAC degrader targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). It demonstrates anti-tumor activity with IC50 values of 1335 nM in HeLa cells and 1973 nM in MCF-7 cells. The compound binds to the DNA binding domain of STAT3, recruits the E3 ligase VHL to form a ternary complex, leading to ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of STAT3. Additionally, STAT3-D11-PROTAC-VHL inhibits tumor cell growth, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (apoptosis), and suppresses tumor immune evasion.

MS105 is an orally active, selective protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) PROTAC degrader. It recruits the VHL E3 ligase through a VHL ligand fragment, facilitating ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PTK6, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and inducing apoptosis (apoptosis). MS105 is a promising compound for breast cancer research.