polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Cyclopenthiazide (Cyclomethiazide) is a thiazide diuretic used to treat hypertension and heart failure. It decreases the excretion of calcium ions and uric acid and increases the excretion of sodium and potassium ions.

1-Hydroxypyrene (1-Pyrenol), a biomarker of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, is analyzed in urine samples.

Rhapontigenin (Protigenin) is a mechanism-based, selective inactivator of cytochrome P450 1A1 (IC50: 400 nM), an aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase which activates polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that act as procarcinogens. Rhapontigenin is a natural analog of resveratrol with antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. At higher concentrations, rhapontigenin inhibits the proliferation of HL-60R and HepG2 cancer cell lines (IC50: 48 μM).

Alyssin is a sulforaphane homolog and antioxidant. It induces phase II enzymes and increases Nrf2 levels in adenocarcinoma cells. It decreases the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, supressing the risk of carcinogenesis in vitro.

DSPE-Pyrene is a phospholipid molecule that contains polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and can be utilized for drug encapsulation in systems such as drug-loaded liposomes or nanoparticles. Pyrene serves as a fluorescent probe with spectral properties highly sensitive to the polarity of its surrounding environment.