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Bethanechol chloride (Carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride) is a slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. It is used to increase smooth muscle tone in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or to treat urinary retention without obstruction. Possible side effects include hypotension, heart rate changes, and bronchial spasm.

SCH 50911 is (+)-(S)-5,5-dimethylmorpholinyl-2-acetic acid and is a selective, orally-active and competitive γ-Aminobutyric acid B GABA(B) receptor antagonist, binds to GABA(B) receptor (IC50: 1.1 μM). SCH 50911 antagonizes GABA(B) autoreceptors, increasi

Moxonidine Hydrochloride serves as a selective agonist for the imidazoline receptor subtype 1 and functions as an antihypertensive agent. It primarily acts within the central nervous system and demonstrates a significant preference for I1 imidazoline receptors over α2-adrenoceptors, with a 40-fold higher affinity. This compound effectively reduces stimulated norepinephrine overflow, indicating its potent efficacy. Despite similar agents like AGN192403 targeting the same receptor, moxonidine's dose-response efficacy remains unaffected. Its ability to lower blood pressure and reduce heart rate is distinctly mediated through imidazoline receptors, reliant on well-preserved noradrenergic pathways within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). This interaction is potentially linked to a specific 42 kDa imidazoline receptor protein, emphasizing its unique mechanism of action compared to other drugs like clonidine.