maresin 1

Maresin 1 is a small molecule compound biosynthesized by macrophages (MΦ) with significant anti-inflammatory activity that attenuates LPS-induced lung injury in mice by inhibiting neutrophil adhesion and decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stimulates intracellular Ca2+ production and secretion.

7-epi Maresin 1 is the inactive 7(S) epimer of Maresin 1 , which contains a 7(R) hydroxyl group. It can be used as an experimental negative control.

Docosahexaenoic acid is a nutritionally-derived ω-3 fatty acid that is abundant in the brain and the retina and is thought to be important in early development and for therapeutic approaches to inflammatory disorders and cancer. 14(S)-HDHA is an oxygenation product of DHA that serves as a precursor to maresin 1 , an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving mediator that prevents polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration and stimulates macrophage phagocytosis. At doses as low as 0.2 ng/mouse 14(S)-HDHA administration resulted in reduced infiltration of PMNs into sites of inflammation.

Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 2 (MCTR2) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid in macrophages at the site of inflammation. DHA is oxidized to maresin 1 , which is converted to MCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 or leukotriene C4 synthase then to MCTR2 by γ-glutamyl transferase. MCTR2 accelerates tissue regeneration in planaria (1 and 100 nM). Pretreatment with MCTR2 prior to E. coli administration reduces neutrophil infiltration, shortens the inflammatory resolution period, and increases phagocytosis of E. coli by macrophages. When administered at a dose of 100 ng 12h post E. coli infection in a mouse model of peritonitis, MCTR2 selectively reduced the amount of the eicosanoids PGD2 and PGF2α in the exudate.

Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 1 (MCTR1) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid in macrophages at the site of inflammation. DHA is oxidized to maresin 1 , which is then converted to MCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 or leukotriene C4 synthase. MCTR1 accelerates tissue regeneration in planaria (1 and 100 nM). Pretreatment with MCTR1 (50 ng/mouse, i.p.) prior to E. coli administration reduces neutrophil infiltration, shortens the inflammatory resolution period, and increases phagocytosis of E. coli by macrophages. When administered at a dose of 100 ng 12h post E. coli infection in a mouse model of peritonitis, MCTR1 reduces the amount of eicosanoids in the exudate.

Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration 3 (MCTR3) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid in macrophages. DHA is oxidized to maresin 1 , which is converted to MCTR1 by glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 or leukotriene C4 synthase, then to MCTR2 by γ-glutamyl transferase, and to MCTR3 by dipeptidase. MCTR3 accelerates tissue regeneration in planaria (1 and 100 nM) approximately as potently as MCTR2 and more potently than MCTR1. Pretreatment with MCTR3 prior to E. coli administration in mice reduces neutrophil infiltration, shortens the inflammatory resolution period, and increases phagocytosis of E. coli by macrophages. When administered at a dose of 100 ng 12h post E. coli infection in a mouse model of peritonitis, MCTR3 selectively reduces the amount of the eicosanoids PGD2 , PGE2 , PGF2α , and TXB2 in the exudate.