m2 marker

KGP94 is an inhibitor of cysteine protease Cathepsin L(CTSL).

KOR agonist 7 (Compound 29) is a highly selective κ-opioid receptor (KOR) agonist with a Ki of 138 nM. It shows no activity on μ and δ opioid receptors or the σ1 receptor, and exhibits very low affinity for the σ2 receptor (Ki = 2.8 μM). This compound significantly reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, while increasing the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Additionally, KOR agonist 7 decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage marker (CD80) and increases the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker (CD163). It can be utilized for pain relief and immunomodulation.

RP-832c is a synthetic analog of a host defense peptide (HDP) that targets the mannose receptor CD206 on M2-polarized macrophages with a Kd of 3.5 μM. Upon binding to CD206, RP-832c induces significant conformational changes in the receptor, activating signaling pathways that lead to rapid apoptosis of CD206-positive M2 macrophages and their repolarization to the M1 phenotype. Treatment with RP-832c significantly reduces CD206 gene expression in M2 macrophages and temporarily increases the expression of the M1 macrophage marker TNF-α. RP-832c is applicable for research on T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).