indicators

3-Hydroxyisovaleric acid (Beta-Hydroxyisovaleric acid) is an endogenous metabolite excreted in the urine and can serve as an early and sensitive indicator of biotin deficiency.

Quinaldine is an organic compound prepared by the Skraup method with sulfuric acid in the presence of a dehydrogenator, involving crotonaldehyde and aniline. It is mostly used in the production of dyes. It is also used in the production of medicines, pH indicators, food colorants, oil-soluble dyes and other compounds.

Lucifer yellow is a coloring agent used in indicators and reagents.

Klotho-derived peptide 1 (KP1) (56-87), a peptide originating from the human Klotho protein, disrupts TGF-β signaling by binding to TGF-β receptor types 1 and 2 (TGFBR1 and TGFBR2; Kds = 1.41 and 14.6 µM, respectively). Preincubation with KP1 at a concentration of 10 µg/ml hinders the TGF-β-induced escalation of fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels in NRK-49F rat fibroblasts. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that KP1, administered at 1 mg/kg per day, preferentially accumulates in damaged kidneys, leading to significant reductions in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicators of improved kidney function. Additionally, it decreases kidney fibrosis in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced renal fibrosis.

Hepatoprotective agent-2 (compound 2a), a 4-phenyl-tetrahydroquinoline derivative, not only demonstrates significant hepatoprotective effects but also possesses antiapoptotic activity. It effectively mitigates chemically induced increases in hepatic indicators, which are symptomatic of liver damage [1].

Hydromethylthionine (Leukomethylene blue) is a highly active photochemical reagent, particularly in its interaction with dissolved oxygen. Its photochemical activity is primarily regulated by the reaction of its triplet state with dissolved oxygen. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light, the triplet state of Hydromethylthionine reacts with dissolved oxygen, producing Methylene Blue and hydrated hydrogen ions. It is utilized in semiconductor photocatalysis for the photodegradation of model pollutants and in the study of indicators in chemical analysis.