hyperemia

Benzyl nicotinate (Pycaril) is a agonist of GPR109A receptor and GPR109B receptor

Sovesudil (PHP-201) is a potent, ATP-competitive, locally acting Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, showing IC50 values of 3.7 nM for ROCK-I and 2.3 nM for ROCK-II, and capable of lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) without inducing hyperemia.

Netarsudil, also known as AR-11324, is a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor. Netarsudil is potential useful for treating glaucoma and/or reducing intraocular pressure. Netarsudil Increases Outflow Facility in Human Eyes Through Multiple Mechanisms. Netarsudil inhibited kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 with a Ki of 1 nM each, disrupted actin stress fibers and focal adhesions in TM cells with IC50s of 79 and 16 nM, respectively, and blocked the profibrotic effects of TGF-β2 in HTM cells. Netarsudil produced large reductions in IOP in rabbits and monkeys that were sustained for at least 24 h after once daily dosing, with transient, mild hyperemia observed as the only adverse effect.