glutathione

L-Glutathione reduced (Glutathione) is a naturally occurring tripeptide found in cells as an endogenous antioxidant that scavenges oxygen free radicals. L-Glutathione reduced is a cofactor for certain enzymes and is involved in the rearrangement of protein disulfide bonds and the reduction of peroxides.

Diethylmaleate (Maleic acid, diethyl ester) is the diethyl ester of maleic acid and a glutathione-depleting compound that inhibits NF-kB.

15-deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 Glutathione (15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 Glutathione) is a non-enzymatic adduct formed from the reaction of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 with glutathione. The biological properties of this compound have not yet been determined.

DTNB (Ellman's Reagent) is used to quantify thiol groups in a sample and measure low-molecular-mass thiols, such as glutathione, in pure solutions and biological samples [such as blood].

3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (Trapidil impurity B) is an inhibitor of catalase, capable of inducing the compensatory mechanism for hydrogen peroxide detoxification. This mechanism involves increasing the activities of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase.

D-Glucan is an orally active immune activator of the Dectin-1 receptor and possesses antioxidant properties (reduces TNF-α). It activates macrophages and neutrophils, eliminates free radicals, inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and enhances insulin sensitivity. Additionally, D-Glucan enhances the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione, inhibits gluconeogenesis, and activates GK, promoting glycolysis. It is applicable in research on liver injury protection (antagonizing Acetaminophen toxicity), radiation protection (in synergy with vitamin E), and diabetes (improving glucose metabolism).

Chlorophyll b is an orally active tetrapyrrole derivative and pigment that can be obtained from photosynthetic organisms such as plants and algae. It acts as a hydrogen donor and enhances glutathione levels. Chlorophyll b possesses antioxidant activity and functionally replaces chlorophyll a in photosystem II to participate in photosynthesis. It reduces DNA damage, chromosome instability, and oxidative stress induced by Cisplatin (HY-17394). Chlorophyll b is primarily used in research on plant photosynthesis mechanisms.