gingival

Hexetidine (NSC-17764) is a bactericidal and fungicidal antiseptic. It is used as a 0.1% mouthwash for local infections and oral hygiene.

Lipopolysaccharides are endotoxins composed of lipopolysaccharide structures and serve as TLR-4 activators, triggering pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of the immune system and inducing cellular secretion of vesicles. Extracted from the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, they consist of an O-antigen-specific chain, a core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. Lipopolysaccharides, from P. gingivalis, refer specifically to the endotoxin derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Oxodipine, a dihydropyridine-type calcium antagonist, inhibited KCl-induced aortic contraction in rabbits and reduced cardiac force in less potent rat ventricular test-paper contractions. In rat cultured neonatal ventricular myocytes, Oxodipine reduced L-type Ca currents (I) with an IC of 0.24 μM, and against T-type Ca currents (I) with an IC of 0.41 μM. Oxodipine causes constipation in mice and gingival hyperplasia in dogs.

BLXA-4 is used potentially to treat gingival diseases.

Terrain, also known as NSC 291308, is a fungal metabolite with diverse biological activities. Terrein reduces age-related inflammation induced by oxidative stress through Nrf2 ERK1 2 HO-1 signalling in aged HDF cells. (+)-terrein suppresses interleukin-6

LL-37 is a cationic and α-helical antimicrobial peptide expressed in human bone marrow, testis, granulocytes, and gingival epithelium and is upregulated in psoriatic lesions. It inhibits growth of Gram-positive E. coli D21 and Gram-negative B. megatarium in a concentration-dependent manner and LL-37 expression is induced in A549 epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and monocyte-derived macrophages following M. tuberculosis infection. LL-37 binds sheep erythrocytes coated with S. minnesota Re-LPS and induces agglutination with a minimal agglutinating concentration (MAC) of 12.1 μg/ml. It is a chemoattractant for, and can induce calcium mobilization in, human monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells that naturally express formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) and FPRL1-transfected HEK293 cells. LL-37 (10-15 μM) pretreatment of dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reduces its infectivity as well as levels of viral genomic RNA and NS1 antigen. In vivo, LL-37 inhibits cecal ligation and puncture-induced caspase-1 activation and pyroptosis of peritoneal macrophages, reduces levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and improves survival in polybacterial septic mice.

Succinate succinate receptor antagonist 1 is a potent succinate receptor antagonist. Succinate succinate receptor antagonist 1 interrupts succinate signals in gingival tissue and inhibits the activation of SucnRl Antagonist 1. Its IC50 value is 20 μsouth of the coast. Succinate succinate receptor antagonist 1 can be used to treat periodontal disease.

Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, a methacrylate monomer, demonstrates cytotoxic and genotoxic impacts on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inducing DNA damage, enhancing apoptosis, and triggering cell cycle arrest in the G1 G0 phase [1].

Glycozolidal (compound 12) is a carbazole alkaloid that exhibits antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). In vitro studies have shown that Glycozolidal displays cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and monocytic cells (U937), with IC50 values of 120.86 µg mL and 97.74 µg mL, respectively.