dextran sulfate sodium

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) is a polymer of dehydrated glucose and an inhibitor of complement and coagulation pathways. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) can be used as an anticoagulant, antiviral agent and antilipidemic agent. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) can prevent the HIV-1 virus from adsorbing onto host cells. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) can inhibit NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 4500-5500) can inhibit the immediate blood-mediated inflammatory response (IBMIR).

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 36,000–50,000) is a medium molecular weight polyanionic dextran derivative with strong intestinal epithelial permeability. It is the most commonly used agent for inducing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) models, effectively inducing both acute and chronic colitis. Its mechanism may involve macrophage dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Due to its colonic epithelial toxicity, long-term use can also induce colorectal cancer models.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 9000-20000) (DSS (MW 9000-20000)) is a negatively charged sulfated polysaccharide. It exhibits antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and wound healing properties. Dextran sulfate sodium salt can be used as an additive in cell culture media to prevent cell aggregation and also serves as a gel-forming agent in cosmetics.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW 6500-10000) (DSS (MW 6500-10000)) is a negatively charged sulfated polysaccharide. It possesses antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and wound-healing properties. Additionally, it can be used as an additive in cell culture media to prevent cell aggregation and as a gel-forming agent in cosmetics.

Dextran sulfate sodium salt (MW>500000) (DSS (MW>500000)) is a negatively charged sulfated polysaccharide. It exhibits antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and wound-healing properties. Additionally, Dextran sulfate sodium salt can be utilized as an additive in cell culture media to prevent cell clumping and as a gel-forming agent in cosmetic products.

DL-4-Hydroxy-2-ketoglutarate lithium is a substrate for 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (HOGA), which can be cleaved by HOGA into pyruvate and glyoxylate.

RIPK2-IN-6 (Compound 15a) is an inhibitor of RIPK that specifically targets the phosphorylation of RIPK2, thereby suppressing the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. It has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities in a mouse model of colitis induced by Dextran sodium sulfate.

GPR183 antagonist-3 (compound 33) is an orally active GPR183 antagonist with an IC50 value of 8.7 μM. It demonstrates significant in vitro anti-migration and anti-inflammatory activity in monocytes and can alleviate pathological symptoms in experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium.

AMPK-IN-5 (compound 7m) is a derivative of osthole that inhibits MAPK signaling by blocking the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, thereby suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines. AMPK-IN-5 can reduce ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium and acute lung injury induced by LPS.

METTL3-IN-7 (F039-0002) is a potent inhibitor of METTL3. It significantly ameliorates colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and is applicable for research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

GlcNAc-MurNAc is a disaccharide and mild TLR4 agonist with a Kd of 383 μM for mouse TLR4. It directly binds to TLR4, activating the downstream NF-κB and IRF pathways. Additionally, GlcNAc-MurNAc ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis in mice through a TLR4-dependent mechanism, making it useful for inflammatory bowel disease research.

P-2281 is an mTOR inhibitor with anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties.P-2281 inhibits dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis by suppressing T-cell function and is effective in a mouse model of human colitis.

Olsalazine-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of olsalazine by GC- or LC-MS. Olsalazine is an orally bioavailable prodrug form of the anti-inflammatory agent 5-aminosalicylic acid that is cleaved by bacterial azo reductases in the gut to generate active 5-ASA.1In vitro, olsalazine increases ion transport in isolated rabbit distal ileum when applied to the luminal side (ED50= 0.3 mM) and stimulates fluid transport in rat jejunum when used at a concentration of 5 mM.2,3Olsalazine (150 mg/kg for 8 days) improves stool consistency and decreases occult and gross bleeding as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and leukotriene B4levels in colon tissue in a mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate .4Olsalazine also inhibits bovine xanthine oxidasein vitro(IC50= 3.4 mg/L) and lowers serum uric acid levels in a mouse model of hyperuricemia induced by oxonic acid when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.5Formulations containing olsalazine have been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis. 1.Nugent, S.G., Kumar, D., Rampton, D.S., et al.Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: Possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugsGut48(4)571-577(2001) 2.Pamukcu, R., Hanauer, S.B., and Chang, E.B.Effect of disodium azodisalicylate on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum and colon in vitro. Comparison with sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acidGastroenterology95(4)975-981(1988) 3.Mohsen, A.Q.M., Mulvey, D., Priddle, J.D., et al.Effects of olsalazine in the jejunum of the ratGut28(3)346-352(1987) 4.Murthy, S., Murthy, N.S., Coppola, D., et al.The efficacy of BAY y 1015 in dextran sulfate model of mouse colitisInflamm. Res.46(6)224-233(1997) 5.Niu, Y., Li, H., Gao, L., et al.Old drug, new indication: Olsalazine sodium reduced serum uric acid levels in mice via inhibiting xanthine oxidoreductase activityJ. Pharmacol. Sci.135(3)114-120(2017)

Aloin B (Isobarbaloin) is an isomer of aloin.1. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation, the result opens new vistas for the use of A. vera regarding its clinical application as a new nontoxic melanolytic agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. 2. Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor.

Stachyose is an oligosaccharide that inhibits the proliferation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.Stachyose regulates the intestinal microbiota and attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis in mice.

Fc 11a-2, a benzimidazole compound, functions as an orally active, potent inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome by blocking caspase-1 activation and thus preventing the activation of IL-1β/IL-18. Additionally, Fc 11a-2 inhibits the progression of Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine experimental colitis [1] [2] [3].

PDE1-IN-5 (Compound 10c) is a selective PDE1C inhibitor with an IC50 of 15 nM, exhibiting anti-inflammatory properties through the inhibition of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression induced by LPS. It has demonstrated efficacy in mitigating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, suggesting its potential utility for IBD research [1].

NF-κB-IN-11 (Compound 3i) is an inhibitor of NF-κB, effectively blocking TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB, alongside reducing expression levels of phospho-IKK, IκBα, and NF-κB p65. Demonstrating anti-inflammatory properties, it mitigates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice and exhibits a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) exceeding 1852 mg/kg in acute toxicity assays when administered orally (p.o.) [1].

ONO-AE3-208 is an EP4 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 1.3 nM, exhibiting less potent activity against EP3, FP, and TP receptors (Ki values of 30, 790, and 2,400 nM, respectively), while showing no effect on other prostanoid receptors. In wild type mice, treatment with ONO-AE3-208, in conjunction with 3% dextran sodium sulfate, results in severe colitis characterized by epithelial loss, crypt damage, and inflammation, thereby mimicking the effects of EP4 deletion. Further, this compound has been utilized to investigate the role of EP4 signaling in various biological contexts, including immune and autoimmune responses, inflammation, and cancer.

Compound 11, an α4 integrin receptor antagonist, exhibits oral activity and functions as an antagonist of the α4 integrin receptor. It efficiently inhibits the adhesion of K562 cells mediated by the interactions of α4β1/VCAM-1 and α4β7/MAdCAM-1, with IC50 values of 130 nM and 2 nM, respectively. Compound 11 also shows potential for use in studies using the DSS (dextran sulfate sodium) induced colitis mouse model.

Stachyose (Standard) is the standard substance of Stachyose, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. Stachyose is an oligosaccharide that inhibits the proliferation of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.Stachyose regulates the intestinal microbiota and attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis in mice.

Aloin B (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Aloin B. Aloin B (Isobarbaloin) is an isomer of aloin.1. The extract of A. vera and its active ingredient aloin cause melanin aggregation leading to skin lightening via alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation, the result opens new vistas for the use of A. vera regarding its clinical application as a new nontoxic melanolytic agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation. 2. Dietary supplementation of aloe components (aloin, aloesin and aloe-gel) can ameliorate intestinal inflammatory responses in a 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis rat model, in particular, aloesin is the most potent inhibitor.

Gingerenone A is an effective Nrf2-Gpx4 activator. It is a small molecule compound isolated from ginger. It has anti-cancer activity, can prolong the cell cycle of cancer cells, and can inhibit dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Ferroptosis in secondary liver injury (SLI) in mice.

FITC-dextran sulfate, 4kDa, is a dextran sodium sulfate labeled with FITC, with an average molecular weight of 4 kDa.