Lewis

PD-1/PD-L1-IN-10 is an orally available PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor (IC50 value of 2.7 nM) that shows anti-tumor activity.

Sialyl-Lewis X (sLeX), a sialylated fucosylated tetrasaccharide and endogenous antigen, serves as a high-affinity ligand for selectins (E-, P-, and L-selectin)[1]. It interacts with ELAM-1 and CD62, consequently inhibiting CD62-mediated neutrophil recruitment to inflammation sites[2].

Lewis Y Tetrasaccharide (Lewis Y, Le Y) is a tetrasaccharide derivative of Lewis X Trisaccharide, functioning as an antigen linked to the metastasis of malignant ovarian carcinomas and associated with a poor prognosis [1] [2].

Sialyl Lewis X-Lactose, a biochemical reagent, serves as a biological material or organic compound for life science research.

Lewis a trisaccharide (Lewis a) is a significant component of glycan structures on spermatozoa and a major constituent of surface glycans on HL-60 cells [1].

Lewis X Trisaccharide, Methyl Glycoside is a type of biochemical reagent used in glycobiology research. Glycobiology focuses on the study of the structure, synthesis, biology, and evolution of sugars. It encompasses carbohydrate chemistry, enzymology of glycan formation and degradation, protein-glycan recognition, and the role of glycans in biological systems. This field is closely associated with fundamental research, biomedical science, and biotechnology.

Lewis-b tetrasaccharide is a type of biochemical reagent utilized in glycobiology research. Glycobiology is concerned with the study of the structure, synthesis, biology, and evolution of sugars. This field encompasses carbohydrate chemistry, glycan formation and degradation enzymology, protein-glycan recognition, and the role of glycans in biological systems. It is closely related to basic research, biomedicine, and biotechnology.

N-((2R,3R,4R,5R)-5,6-Dihydroxy-1-oxo-4-(((2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-3-(((2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)hexan-2-yl)acetamide is a natural product for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65274 and the CAS number is 71208-06-5.

N′-(2-Chloroethyl)-N-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-N-nitrosourea has antitumor activity and is used in the treatment of Lewis lung and colon tumors.

Oglufanide (H-Glu-Trp-OH) is a naturally occurring thymic immunomodulator that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Sulfur trioxide-Triethylamine complex is a Lewis acid-base adduct commonly used as a sulfonating agent or Lewis acid catalyst, widely used in biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

ERK-MYD88 Interaction Inhibitor 1, an agent that disrupts the interaction between ERK and MYD88, has demonstrated the ability to trigger an HRI-mediated integrated stress response (ISR) that specifically promotes immunogenic cell apoptosis (apoptosis) in cancer cells. Additionally, in models using Lewis lung cancer mice, this compound has been shown to stimulate anti-tumor T cell responses, thereby exhibiting significant anti-tumor activity.

PLD1 inhibitor is a compound that targets phospholipase D1 (PLD1). It suppresses PLD activity in A549 cells overexpressing PLD1 with an IC50 of 1.97 µM. This inhibitor also decreases the viability of A549 lung cancer and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells, with IC50 values of 18 and 29 µM, respectively. Furthermore, it impairs proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells and triggers apoptosis. Administered at 10 mg/kg every other day, PLD1 inhibitor diminishes tumor growth, induces intratumoral apoptosis, and lowers levels of Ras, CD47, CD24, and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in a murine Lewis lung carcinoma model.

A2G2F2 glycan [A2G2F2(a1-3) glycan] is a symmetrical N-glycan containing two Lewis X epitopes, and is a type of Lewis X polysaccharide. SLeX serves as a ligand for the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin, which is specifically expressed at sites of inflammation. Designing conjugates of SLeX-polysaccharides can facilitate targeted drug delivery to inflammatory lesions.

Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011). Urocortin III is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin II , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Human urocortin III shares 90, 40, 37, and 21% identity to mouse urocortin III , mouse urocortin II , human urocortin , and mouse urocortin, respectively. Urocortin III selectively binds to type 2 CRF receptors (Kis = 21.7, 13.5, and >100 nM for rat CRF2α, rat CRF2β, and human CRF1, respectively). It stimulates cAMP production in CHO cells expressing rat CRF2α and mouse CRF2β (EC50s = 0.16 and 0.12 nM, respectively) as well as cultured anterior pituitary cells expressing endogenous CRF2β. Urocortin III is co-released with insulin to potentiate glucose-stimulated somatostatin release in vitro in human pancreatic β-cells.2 In vivo, urocortin III reduces food intake in a dose- and time-dependent manner in mice with a minimum effective dose (MED) of 0.3 nmol/animal.3 It increases swimming time in a forced swim test in mice, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4 References1. Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M.H., et al. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(13), 7570-7575 (2001).2. van der Meulen, T., Donaldson, C.J., Cáceres, E., et al. Urocortin3 mediates somatostatin-dependent negative feedback control of insulin secretion. Nat. Med. 21(7), 769-776 (2015).3. Pelleymounter, M.A., Joppa, M., Ling, N., et al. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of the selective CRF2 receptor agonists urocortin II and urocortin III. Peptides 25(4), 659-666 (2004).4. Tanaka, M., Kádár, K., Tóth, G., et al. Antidepressant-like effects of urocortin 3 fragments. Brain Res. Bull. 84(6), 414-418 (2011).

16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin A1 is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T36040 and the CAS number is 41692-24-4.

D-Lysine lactam is a chiral compound suitable for biochemical experiments and drug synthesis research.

Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004). Urocortin II is a neuropeptide hormone and member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family which includes mammalian CRF , urocortin , urocortin III , frog sauvagine, and piscine urotensin I.1 Mouse urocortin II shares 34 and 42% sequence homology with rat CRF and urocortin . It is expressed in mouse paraventricular, supraoptic, and arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus, the locus coeruleus, and in motor nuclei of the brainstem and spinal ventral horn. Urocortin II selectively binds to CRF1 over CRF2 receptors (Kis = 0.66 and >100 nM, respectively) and induces cAMP production in CHO cells expressing CRF2 (EC50 = 0.14 nM). In vivo, urocortin II suppresses nighttime food intake by 35% in rats when administered intracerebroventricularly at a dose of 1 μg. Urocortin II (0.1 and 0.5 μg, i.c.v) stimulates fecal pellet output, increases distal colonic transit, and inhibits gastric emptying in mice.2 References1. Reyes, T.M., Lewis, K., Perrin, M.H., et al. Urocortin II: A member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide family that is selectively bound by type 2 CRF receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98(5), 2843-2848 (2001).2. Martinez, V., Wang, L., Million, M., et al. Urocortins and the regulation of gastrointestinal motor function and visceral pain. Peptides 25(10), 1733-1744 (2004).

TAS-103 is a dual inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I/II, utilized in cancer research.

Anguinomycin A is an antibiotic first isolated from a Streptomyces sp. and analog of leptomycin B that is highly cytotoxic to mouse P388 leukemia cells in vitro (IC50 = 0.1-0.2 ng/ml). It also demonstrates antitumor activity at 62.5 μg/kg/day against Lewis lung carcinoma in mice.

12(S)-HETE is a product of arachidonic acid metabolism through the 12-lipoxygenase pathway. It is primarily found in platelets, leukocytes, and to a lesser extent in smooth muscle cells. It enhances tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells, fibronectin, and the subendothelial matrix. tetranor-12(S)-HETE is the major β-oxidation product resulting from peroxisomal metabolism of 12(S)-HETE in numerous tissues, and Lewis lung carcinoma cells. No biological function has yet been determined for tetranor-12(S)-HETE. Some data indicate it may play a role in controlling the inflammatory response in injured corneas. In some diseases (e.g., Zellweger's Syndrome) peroxisomal abnormalities result in the inability of cells to metabolize 12(S)-HETE, which may be responsible for symptoms of the disease. The tetranor derivative of 12(S)-HETE is available as a research tool for the elucidation of the metabolic fate of its parent compound.

Bovine Peripheral Myelin Protein P2 (53-78) is a derivative composed of amino acid residues 53 to 78 from the peripheral myelin P2 protein of bovine origin. It acts as a T cell epitope and is used to induce experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in Lewis rats.

Carbetimer is a partially imidized copolymer of ethylene & maleic anhydride with average MW approx 1,200 daltons; capable of specific stimulation of immune response. Carbetimer is a low molecular weight polymer derived from ethylene and maleic anhydride with potent antineoplastic activity. Preclinical studies have shown antitumor effects against many tumor cell lines including B 16 melanoma. Its antitumor actions are felt to include both reduction of uridine and cytidine nucleoside triphosphate as well as the diminution of pyrimidine salvage by inhibiting uridine, cytidine, and thymidine kinase. Besides direct antiproliferative effects, Carbetimer could act through immunomodulation, as suggested by the induction of cytotoxic T-cells in mice and the discordant in vitro and in vivo activities against the Lewis lung carcinoma model.

Roxadustat-d5 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of roxadustat by GC- or LC-MS. Roxadustat is an inhibitor of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase (HIF-PH; IC50s = 1.4, 1.26, and 1.32 µM for HIF-PH1, HIF-PH2, and HIF-PH3, respectively). It is selective for HIF-PH over other 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, including lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A), KDM5B, -5C, -5D, and -6B (IC50s = >100 µM for all). Roxadustat (10-200 µM) stabilizes HIF-1α and HIF-2α in Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cells. It increases levels of secreted erythropoietin in Hep3B cells in a concentration-dependent manner and increases erythropoiesis in rats when administered at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Roxadustat reverses anemia in a rat model of chronic inflammation induced by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide, as well as a rat model of chronic kidney disease induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. It reduces tumor growth and increases survival in a murine Lewis lung carcin......