6',7' dihydroxybergamottin

6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin(DHB), a well-known inhibitor of CYP3A4, the inhibition of CYP3A4 activity by DHB includes the inhibition of POR activity, DHB can inhibit nifedipine oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner.

6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A activity, and may be primarily responsible for the effects of grapefruit juice on cytochrome P450 activity in humans.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Gardenin A shows neurotrophic effects via activating MAPK ERK, PKC, and PKA. Gardenin A exhibits antidepressant, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects.

Corticosterone (Kendall's compound B) is an adrenocortical steroid with salocorticoid and glucocorticoid activity that is orally active. Corticosterone is involved in the regulation of energy, immune responses, and stress responses in the body.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a naturally occurring hormone involved in various physiological processes, such as smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, vasodilation and constriction, blood pressure regulation, and inflammatory regulation.

Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50 = 60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.

Rutin hydrate (Sophorin), a kind of glycoside, widely exists in many plants including citrus fruit.

Eckol inhibits ultraviolet B-induced cell damage by a decrease in oxidative stress in human keratinocytes.This compound is unstable in powder form and other related salt forms are recommended.

Methyl cinnamate, a tyrosinase inhibitor and a flavoring compound, has antimicrobial, antiadipogenic, vasorelaxant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

3-Phenylpropanal (Phenylpropyl aldehyde) is a RIFM flavor ingredient and can be used to make perfume.3-Phenylpropanal is the main ingredient in acaricides.3-Phenylpropanal can be used as a fly attractant.3-Phenylpropanal can be used as an insecticide.

3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde is a compound useful in organic synthesis.

Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties.

Sulcatone (6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one) is an alarm panic pheromone produce by ant species.

Betaine (trimethylglycine) is a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets. It has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.

2-Hydroxyanthraquinone is an anthraquinone that has been found inSpermacoce latifoliaand has antibacterial and estrogenic activities.1,2It is active againstB. subtilisandB. cereus(MICs = 1.9 and 62.5 μg ml, respectively).12-Hydroxyanthraquinone (19 μM) induces estrogen receptor α (ERα) activation in a yeast two-hybrid assay.2 1.Luo, Y., Shen, H.-Y., Shen, Q.-X., et al.A new anthraquinone and a new naphthoquinone from the whole plant of Spermacoce latifoliJ. Asian Nat. Prod. Res.19(9)869-876(2017) 2.Kurihara, R., Shiraishi, F., Tanaka, N., et al.Presence and estrogenicity of anthracene derivatives in coastal Japanese watersEnviron. Toxicol. Chem.24(8)1984-1993(2005)

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride (NSC 5746 HCl) , a nonselective muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, is utilized to produce an experimental model of epilepsy.

Salicylic acid (2-Hydroxybenzoic acid), a natural compound extracted from Willow bark, is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of activity cyclooxygenase.

1. Cinnamaldehyde (Cinnamic Aldehyde) has antipyretic activity. 2. Cinnamaldehyde is a sedative agent. 3. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits invasive capabilities of MDA-MB-435S cells was correlated with down-regulating the expression of miR-27a. 4. Cinnamaldehyde induces the generation of reactive oxygen species and exerts vasodilator and anticancer effects. 5. Cinnamaldehyde appears to be a promising candidate as an adjuvant in combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin (OXA), two chemotherapeutic agents used in CRC treatment. The possible mechanisms of its action may involve the regulation of drugmetabolizing genes. 6. Cinnamaldehyde plays a certain role in inhibiting the occurrence and progression of melanoma and its action mechanism may be manifested by inhibiting expression of VEGF and HIF-α, thus blood vessel simulation and formation of new blood vessels of melanoma cells, and growth of tumors accordingly.