5a-androstan-3a-ol-17-one

Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside), a flavonoid, has a variety of biological activities including antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticarcinogenic properties.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a naturally occurring hormone involved in various physiological processes, such as smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, vasodilation and constriction, blood pressure regulation, and inflammatory regulation.

Resveratrol (SRT 501) is a polyphenolic natural product, a plant antitoxin with antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. Resveratrol has a wide range of targets including COX, SIRT, LOC, etc. Resveratrol induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Rhamnose monohydrate (L-(+)-Rhamnose Monohydrate) is a naturally-occurring deoxy sugar that is found primarily in plants and some bacteria.

(-)-Menthone (Menthone) is a natural product.

L-Citrulline, an amino acid, is derived from ornithine during the catabolism of proline, glutamate, or glutamine, and also from L-arginine via the arginine-citrulline pathway.

Paeoniflorin (Peoniflorin) is a herbal constituent extracted from the root of Paeonia albiflora Pall.

Sabinene is a natural product that has antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties

Elemicin (Elemicine) is a constituent of several plant species' essential oils with anticholinergic effects in human.

(-)-Epicatechin gallate ((-)-Epicatechin 3-O-gallate) is one of the catechin isomers and a potent antioxidant that can modulate a wide range of membrane proteins. Its bilayer-modifying potency was tested using gramicidin A (gA) channels as probes. All the catechins alter gA channel function and modify bilayer properties, with a 500-fold range in potency. The gallate group causes current block, as evident by brief downward current transitions.

L-Lysine (Aminutrin) is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair, Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products. Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements. The mechanism underlying this effect is based on the viral need for amino acid arginine; lysine competes with arginine for absorption and entry into cells. Lysine inhibits HSV growth by knocking out arginine.

1. L-Arginine (L-Arg) exhibits anti-atherosclerotic effect. 2. L-Arginine and soy enriched diet are effective in prevention of osteoporosis associated with diabetes mellitus. 3. Exogenous L-Arginine could enhance neonate lymphocyte proliferation through an interleukin-2-independent pathway. 4. A combination of oral L-citrulline and L-Arginine effectively and rapidly augments NO-dependent responses at the acute stage.

3,5-Dimethoxytoluene (Orcinol dimethyl ether), the main fragrance component in roses, has a sedative effect and can be used as a pest attractant.

2'-Deoxycytidine is one of the major nucleosides of DNA consisting of cytosine and deoxyribose and inhibits the biological effects of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu). The nucleoside consists only of a pentose sugar attached to a purine or pyrimidine base and has no phosphate group. When N1 is attached to C1 of deoxyribose, deoxyribosides and nucleotides are formed from cytosine and deoxyribose; deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP), deoxycytidine diphosphate (dCDP), and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). cTP is the source of cytosine in RNA (ribonucleic acid) and deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is the source of deoxycytidine in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Itaconic acid is a polymer.

Myrcene is a terpene that has been found in Cannabis and has antioxidative properties.

L-Glutamic acid (Glutaminol) acts as an excitatory transmitter, shows a direct activating effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic terminals.

L-Serine (serine) is a non-essential amino acid in humans, L-Serine is present and functionally important in many proteins.L-Serine is also found at the active site of the serine protease enzyme class that includes trypsin and chymotrypsin.

Estragole (4-Allylanisole) is found in allspice,and is a constituent of many essential oils. Estragole is a flavouring agent.

Lysergol has been used as a hypotensive, psychotropic analgesic, and uterus- and intestine-stimulating drug. Lysergol is a clavinet alkaloid isolated from seeds of Ipomoea muricata and is a bioenhancer for the drugs and nutrients and has antibacterial act

(-)-Cedrene (Alpha-Cedrene) is a sesquiterpene from cedar oil that has anti-leukemia, antibacterial and anti-obesity properties.

Desaminotyrosine (3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid) is a microbially associated metabolite. Desaminotyrosine protects from influenza through augmentation of type I interferon signaling.

Emodin (Frangula emodin) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone present in the roots and barks of numerous plants; exerts antiproliferative effects in Y cells that are regulated by different signaling pathways.