4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone-d8

4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone-d8 is a deuterated compound of 4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone. 4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone has a CAS number of 90-98-2.

4-deoxy Nivalenol-13C15is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of 4-deoxy nivalenol by GC- or LC-MS. 4-deoxy Nivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin that has been found inFusarium.1It binds to eukaryotic ribosomes and inhibits protein synthesis in mice when administered at doses ranging from 5 to 25 mg/kg. 4-deoxy Nivalenol (0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg) induces emesis in pigs and decreases feed consumption in pigs when administered at a dose of 40 ppb in the diet.2It induces lethality in mice (LD50= 46-78 mg/kg).34-deoxy Nivalenol has been found inF. graminearum-infected cereal grains such as wheat, barley, and corn. 1.Pestka, J.J., and Smolinski, A.T.Deoxynivalenol: Toxicology and potential effects on humansJ.Toxicol.Environ.Health B.Crit.Rev.8(1)39-69(2005) 2.Forsyth, D.M., Yoshizawa, T., Morooka, N., et al.Emetic and refusal activity of deoxynivalenol to swineAppl. Environ. Microbiol.34(5)547-552(1977) 3.Pestka, J.J.Deoxynivalenol: Mechanisms of action, human exposure, and toxicological relevanceArch. Toxicol.84(9)663-679(2010)

Olsalazine-13C6is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of olsalazine by GC- or LC-MS. Olsalazine is an orally bioavailable prodrug form of the anti-inflammatory agent 5-aminosalicylic acid that is cleaved by bacterial azo reductases in the gut to generate active 5-ASA.1In vitro, olsalazine increases ion transport in isolated rabbit distal ileum when applied to the luminal side (ED50= 0.3 mM) and stimulates fluid transport in rat jejunum when used at a concentration of 5 mM.2,3Olsalazine (150 mg/kg for 8 days) improves stool consistency and decreases occult and gross bleeding as well as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and leukotriene B4levels in colon tissue in a mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulfate .4Olsalazine also inhibits bovine xanthine oxidasein vitro(IC50= 3.4 mg/L) and lowers serum uric acid levels in a mouse model of hyperuricemia induced by oxonic acid when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg.5Formulations containing olsalazine have been used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and ulcerative colitis. 1.Nugent, S.G., Kumar, D., Rampton, D.S., et al.Intestinal luminal pH in inflammatory bowel disease: Possible determinants and implications for therapy with aminosalicylates and other drugsGut48(4)571-577(2001) 2.Pamukcu, R., Hanauer, S.B., and Chang, E.B.Effect of disodium azodisalicylate on electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum and colon in vitro. Comparison with sulfasalazine and 5-aminosalicylic acidGastroenterology95(4)975-981(1988) 3.Mohsen, A.Q.M., Mulvey, D., Priddle, J.D., et al.Effects of olsalazine in the jejunum of the ratGut28(3)346-352(1987) 4.Murthy, S., Murthy, N.S., Coppola, D., et al.The efficacy of BAY y 1015 in dextran sulfate model of mouse colitisInflamm. Res.46(6)224-233(1997) 5.Niu, Y., Li, H., Gao, L., et al.Old drug, new indication: Olsalazine sodium reduced serum uric acid levels in mice via inhibiting xanthine oxidoreductase activityJ. Pharmacol. Sci.135(3)114-120(2017)

Zonisamide-13C2,15N is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of zonisamide by GC- or LC-MS. Zonisamide is an antiepileptic agent.1 It selectively inhibits the repeated firing of sodium channels (IC50 = 2 μg/ml) in mouse embryo spinal cord neurons and inhibits spontaneous channel firing when used at concentrations greater than 10 μg/ml.2 In rat cerebral cortex neurons, zonisamide (1-1,000 μM) inhibits T-type calcium channels with a maximum reduction of 60% of the calcium current.3 Zonisamide inhibits H. pylori recombinant carbonic anhydrase (CA) and the human CA isoforms I, II, and V with Ki values of 218, 56, 35, and 21 nM, respectively.4,5 In mice, it has anticonvulsant activity against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazole-induced maximal, but not minimal, seizures (ED50s = 19.6, 9.3, and >500 mg/kg, respectively). Zonisamide (40 mg/kg, p.o.) prevents MPTP-induced decreases in the levels of dopamine , but not homovanillic acid or dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid , and increases MPTP-induced decreases in the dopamine turnover rate in mouse striatum in a model of Parkinson's disease.6 Formulations containing zonisamide have been used in the treatment of partial seizures in adults with epilepsy. |1. Masuda, Y., Ishizaki, M., and Shimizu, M. Zonisamide: Pharmacology and clinical efficacy in epilepsy. CNS Drug Rev. 4(4), 341-360 (1998).|2. Rock, D.M., Macdonald, R.L., and Taylor, C.P. Blockade of sustained repetitive action potentials in cultured spinal cord neurons by zonisamide (AD 810, CI 912), a novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsy Res. 3(2), 138-143 (1989).|3. Suzuki, S., Kawakami, K., Nishimura, S., et al. Zonisamide blocks T-type calcium channel in cultured neurons of rat cerebral cortex. Epilepsy Res. 12(1), 21-27 (1992).|4. Nishimori, I., Vullo, D., Minakuchi, T., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Cloning and sulfonamide inhibition studies of a carboxyterminal truncated α-carbonic anhydrase from Helicobacter pylori. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 16(8), 2182-2188 (2006).|5. De Simone, G., Di Fiore, A., Menchise, V., et al. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Zonisamide is an effective inhibitor of the cytosolic isozyme II and mitochondrial isozyme V: Solution and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 15(9), 2315-2320 (2005).|6. Yabe, H., Choudhury, M.E., Kubo, M., et al. Zonisamide increases dopamine turnover in the striatum of mice and common marmosets treated with MPTP. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 110(1), 64-68 (2009).

Gliclazide-d4 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of gliclazide by GC- or LC-MS. Gliclazide is a sulfonylurea and an inhibitor of pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. It is selective for pancreatic β-cell over cardiac and arterial smooth muscle cell KATP channels. Gliclazide (5 μM) increases insulin-induced glucose uptake and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation to the plasma membrane in a differentiated 3T3L1 adipocyte model of insulin resistance induced by hydrogen peroxide. Gliclazide (5 and 10 μg/ml) reduces LDL oxidation by human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), decreasing TBARS content and 8-isoprostane levels. It also decreases oxidized LDL-induced HASMC proliferation and monocyte adhesion when used at concentrations ranging from 1 to 10 μg/ml. Gliclazide (5 mg/kg) reduces serum glucose levels and increases glucose uptake by isolated rat hindquarters in a model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ).

4-AcetaMido-d3-antipyrine is a deuterated compound of 4-AcetaMido-antipyrine. 4-AcetaMido-antipyrine has a CAS number of 83-15-8.

4-AMinoantipyrine-d3 is a deuterated compound of 4-AMinoantipyrine. 4-AMinoantipyrine has a CAS number of 83-07-8. 4-Aminoantipyrine is a reagent for glucose determination in the presence of peroxidase and phenol.

Rifaximin-d6 is a deuterated compound of Rifaximin. Rifaximin has a CAS number of 80621-81-4. Rifaximin is an orally administered, semi-synthetic, nonsystemic antibiotic derived from rifamycin SV with antibacterial activity. Rifaximin binds to the beta-subunit of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis and bacterial cell growth.

Des-4-Fluorobenzyl Mosapride-d5 is a deuterated compound of Des-4-Fluorobenzyl Mosapride. Des-4-Fluorobenzyl Mosapride has a CAS number of 152013-26-8.

Lenvatinib-d4 is a deuterated compound of Lenvatinib. Lenvatinib has a CAS number of 417716-92-8. Lenvatinib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of lenvatinib is as a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor.

Avibactam sodium salt-13C5 is the 13C labeled compound of Avibactam sodium salt. Avibactam sodium salt has a CAS number of 1192491-61-4. Avibactam is a reversible β-lactamase inhibitor (IC50: 8/80/38 nM, for TEM-1/P99/KPC-2 β-lactamases).

3-Keto Fenretinide-d4 is a deuterated compound of 3-Keto Fenretinide. 3-Keto Fenretinide has a CAS number of 865536-65-8. 4-oxo-fenretinide, a recently identified fenretinide metabolite, induces marked G2-M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.

4-Androstene-3,17-dione-13C3 is the 13C labeled compound of 4-Androstene-3,17-dione. 4-Androstene-3,17-dione has a CAS number of 63-05-8. Androstenedione is a delta-4 19-carbon steroid that is produced in the testis

4-AcetaMido-d3-antipyrine (Standard) is the standard substance of 4-AcetaMido-d3-antipyrine, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. 4-AcetaMido-d3-antipyrine is a deuterated compound of 4-AcetaMido-antipyrine. 4-AcetaMido-antipyrine has a CAS number of 83-15-8.

4-AMinoantipyrine-d3 (Standard) is the standard substance of 4-AMinoantipyrine-d3, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. 4-AMinoantipyrine-d3 is a deuterated compound of 4-AMinoantipyrine. 4-AMinoantipyrine has a CAS number of 83-07-8. 4-Aminoantipyrine is a reagent for glucose determination in the presence of peroxidase and phenol.