(±)9 hode cholesteryl ester

(±)9-HODE cholesteryl ester, initially extracted from atherosclerotic lesions, is formed through Cu2+-catalyzed oxidation of LDL. Subsequent research demonstrated that 15-LO from rabbit reticulocytes and human monocytes can metabolize cholesteryl linoleate, a major LDL component, into 9-HODE cholesteryl ester.

9(R)-HODE cholesteryl ester, originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions, has an oxidized fatty acid portion that may result from either enzymatic lipoxygenation or random lipid peroxidation. It serves as a standard for analyzing chiral HODE cholesteryl esters.

9(S)-HODE cholesteryl ester, originally extracted from atherosclerotic lesions, has an uncertain origin of its oxidized fatty acid portion, which may result from either enzymatic lipoxygenation or random lipid peroxidation. This compound can be used as a standard for analyzing chiral HODE cholesteryl esters.