target/Thrombin/2

Compound 5K (Multi-target kinase inhibitor 2) is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor demonstrating activity against EGFR, Her2, VEGFR2, and CDK2 with IC50 values between 40 to 204 nM. It exhibits cytotoxic effects on HepG2, HeLa, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cell lines, with IC50 values of 41, 57, 51, and 59 μM, respectively. Additionally, it induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis specifically in HepG2 cells.

Thrombin Inhibitor 2 is a small molecule direct thrombin inhibitor. Thrombin Inhibitor 2 has antithrombotic activity.

GPVI antagonist 3 (Compound 2) is a potential antagonist that shows promising antiplatelet activity by selectively inhibiting the interaction between the Glycoprotein VI (GPVI) receptor and its ligands. It demonstrates potent inhibitory effects, with IC50 values of 1.01 μM for collagen, 1.92 μM for CRP, 7.24 μM for convulxin, and 51.74 μM for thrombin. GPVI is a major collagen receptor on platelets, making it an ideal target for safe and effective antithrombotic treatment. Therefore, GPVI antagonist 3 holds potential as a novel antiplatelet agent [1].

Bivalirudin TFA, a synthetic 20-residue peptide, serves as a reversible inhibitor of thrombin. Its IC50 value highlights its target specificity in vitro, where, combined with Eptifibatide (8 mg/mL) at a low concentration (70 ng/mL), it significantly reduces platelet aggregation induced by thrombin (0.2 U/mL) by approximately 90% [1]. The compound demonstrates no effect on thrombin generation assay (TGA) parameters up to 10 μmol/L [2]. Additionally, it facilitates the binding of MPO to BAEC, leading to functional alterations such as increased NO consumption and enhanced MPO-mediated redox modifications [3]. In vivo studies reveal its efficacy in preventing the rise of antiheparin/PF4 antibody IgG levels in rats, with significant findings from the toxicokinetic assessment signaling its safety profile at tested doses, although higher doses resulted in fatalities [4][5]. In clinical trials, its antithrombotic effects were explored, comparing it with alternatives like Ticagrelor and Clopidogrel in a Phase 4 study.