tetrapeptide-2

Tetrapeptide-2 is an amino acid peptide.

Acetyl tetrapeptide-2 is a skin conditioner, by soothing and nourishing the skin through similar mechanisms as other peptides.

Acetyl tetrapeptide-2 Acetate is most commonly used as a skin conditioner. Acetyl tetrapeptide-2 Acetate is done by compensating for hormone loss in the skin, especially collagen, providing somewhat of a plumping effect to the skin.

Acetyl Tetrapeptide-22 is a bioactive peptide known for its skin repair effects and is commonly utilized as a cosmetic ingredient [1].

Tetrapeptide-26, a bioactive peptide, is known for its anti-aging properties and is reportedly utilized as an ingredient in cosmetics [1].

Tetrapeptide-21, a bioactive peptide with anti-wrinkle and skin hyperpigmentation-reducing effects, is commonly used as a cosmetic ingredient [1].

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-20 (PTP20) is a bioactive peptide known to preserve the function of follicular melanocytes and is reported to be used as an ingredient in cosmetics [1].

Tetrapeptide-21 Acetate is a novel bioactive and pure tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties based on the skin's own structures for use in skincare formulations.

Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 (PTP20) TFA is a biomimetic peptide and acts as an agonist of α-MSH. It protects follicular melanocytes by boosting catalase expression and activating melanogenesis.

Acetyl tetrapeptide-15 Acetate (Skinasensyl Acetate), a synthetic peptide used in cosmetic products for sensitive skin, is an endomorphin-2 derivative that extends the range of neuronal excitability thresholds in the μ-opioid receptor via an endorphin-like pathway, and can be used to study inflammatory and neuropathic pain produced by skin hyperreactivity. Inflammatory and neuropathic pain produced by skin hyperresponsiveness.

H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH is a tetrapeptide that contains the arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) motif, a sequence that acts as a recognition site for various adhesion proteins.1It inhibits the binding of fibrinogen to endothelial cells and ADP-stimulated platelets with IC50values of 320 and 35 μM, respectively.2Implantation of titanium rods coated with H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH increases bone formation in rat femurs.3H-Arg-Gly-Asp-Cys-OH has been conjugated to polyethylenimine to improve gene transfection efficiency.4 1.Park, H.S., Kim, C., and Kang, Y.K.Preferred conformations of RGDX tetrapeptides to inhibit the binding of fibrinogen to plateletsBiopolymers63(5)298-313(2002) 2.Tranqui, L., Andrieux, A., Hudry-Clergeon, G., et al.Differential structural requirements for fibrinogen binding to platelets and to endothelial cellsJ. Cell Biol.108(6)2519-2527(1989) 3.Ferris, D.M., Moodie, G.D., Dimond, P.M., et al.RGD-coated titanium implants stimulate increased bone formation in vivoBiomaterials20(23-24)2323-2331(1999) 4.Kunath, K., Merdan, T., Hegener, O., et al.Integrin targeting using RGD-PEI conjugates for in vitro gene transferJ. Gene Med.5(7)588-599(2003)

Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w/w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg/animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001). Epitalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide with anti-aging properties.1,2,3,4 Dietary administration of epitalon (0.00001% w/w) reduces levels of lipid peroxidation products in aged D. melanogaster tissue homogenates.1 Epitalon (1 μg/animal) delays age-related estrous shutdown and decreases the frequency of bone marrow cell chromosomal aberrations in female mice.2 It decreases spontaneous mammary gland and ovarian tumor development and metastasis in aged female mice.3 Epitalon also stimulates melatonin synthesis and normalizes the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion in senescent female M. mulatta monkeys.4 References1. Khavinson, V.K., and Myl'nikov, S.V. Effect of epithalone on the age-specific changes in the time course of lipid peroxidation in Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 130(11), 1116-1119 (2000).2. Anisimov, V.N., Khavinson, V.K., Popovich, I.G., et al. Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice. Biogerontology 4(4), 193-202 (2003).3. Kossoy, G., Anisimov, V.N., Ben-Hur, H., et al. Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice. In Vivo 20(2), 253-257 (2006).4. Khavinson, V., Goncharova, N., and Lapin, B. Synthetic tetrapeptide epitalon restores disturbed neuroendocrine regulation in senescent monkeys. Neuro. Endocrinol. Lett. 22(4), 251-254 (2001).

BIM-46050 is a potent and specific inhibitor of human farnesyltransferase. BIM-46050 is free acidic form of BIM-46068. The IC50 values for in vitro inhibition of human brain FTase indicate that BIM-46050 and the ester form BIM-46068 are potent inhibitors of farnesyltransferase. Their potencies are in the nanomolar range and compare favorably with the compounds B581, FTI-277 and L745,631. B581 is an analog of the tetrapeptide Cys-Val-Phe-Met obtained by replacement of the amino-terminal amide bonds inhibiting processing of farnesylated proteins specifically. FTI-277 is a methyl ester of FTI-276, reported as a preferential inhibitor of FTase over GGTase I (100-fold). L745,631 is a 2-substituted piperazine reported to be a highly selective inhibitor of FTase over GGTase (2,000-fold). The selectivity of BIM-46050 and BIM-46068 for FTase over GGTase is very similar for both compounds (3,000-fold).

Ac-YVAD-CHO (L-709049) acetate is a potent, reversible, and specific tetrapeptide interleukin-1β converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor, also demonstrating specificity for caspase-1. It exhibits K_i values of 3.0 nM in mice and 0.76 nM in humans, underscoring its efficacy. Additionally, Ac-YVAD-CHO acetate inhibits the production of mature IL-1β, highlighting its therapeutic potential [1] [2] [3].

Tyr-W-MIF-1, an opioid tetrapeptide, exhibits both opiate and antiopiate activities, and has been demonstrated to induce analgesia [1] [2] [5].

Antiulcer Agent 2, a tetrapeptide comprising aspartic acid, alanine, histidine, and lysine, localizes at the N-terminal of human albumin. This compound shows promise in treating ulcers and producing active oxygen [1] [2].

Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-12 activates SMAD2 and facilitates the association of SMAD3 with DNA, promoting eyelash hair growth [1] [2].

pGlu-His-Pro-Gly-NH2, also known as Glp-His-Pro-Gly-NH2, is a tetrapeptide that promotes the release of gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) [1] [2].

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 (Rigin) (Rigin) is a synthetic peptide, corrspending to 341-344 amino acid sequence of IgG human H-chain, with phagocytosis stimulating activity.Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-3 stimulates expression of GCP-2 (Granulocyte Chemotactic Protein), which is a chemotactic protein that can recruit cells involved in the preparation and cleansing of the site, to damaged areas.

Acetyl tetrapeptide-9 Acetate plays a role in the stimulation of basement membrane polysaccharide (lumican) and the synthesis of collagen I.

VAMP is a tetrapeptide that acts as a competitive dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, exhibiting an IC50 of 1.00 μM and a Kd of 6.89 μM. It effectively targets the DPP-IV-GLP-1 axis and is utilized in the research of type 2 diabetes.