protein kinase c

Staurosporine (AM-2282) is a protein kinase inhibitor with ATP-competitive and non-selective inhibitory activity (IC50=6/15/2/3/3000 nM) against PKC, PKA, c-Fgr, phosphorylase kinase and TAOK2. Staurosporine also induces apoptosis.

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is a natural phorbol ester that acts as an activator of PKC, SphK, and NF-κB, and is commonly used to induce differentiation of THP-1 cells and establish dermatitis models.

Ionomycin calcium (SQ23377 calcium) is an effective and selective calcium ionophore, demonstrating high specificity for divalent cations (Ca>Mg>Sr=Ba).

Chelerythrine Chloride is a cell-permeable inhibitor of protein kinase C, competitive with respect to the phosphate acceptor and non-competitive with respect to ATP.

D-erythro-Sphingosine (trans-4-Sphingenine) is a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. D-erythro-Sphingosine (Erythrosphingosine) is also a PP2A activator

1. Chelerythrine (Broussonpapyrine) may have antimanic effect . 2. Chelerythrine can inhibit telomerase activity. 3. Chelerythrine is a well-known protein kinase C inhibitor . 4. Chelerythrine has potential antiproliferative and antitumor effects.

Rottlerin (NSC-56346) is a natural product purified from Mallotus Philippinensis and is a specific PKC inhibitor (IC50: PKCδ of 3-6 μM, PKCα,β,γ of 30-42 μM, PKCε,η,ζ of 80-100 μM). Rottlerin causes apoptosis via caspase 3 activation.

Verbascoside (Kusaginin) is a protein kinase C inhibitor with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities.

Hypocrellin A is a natural PKC inhibitor with light-induced antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities and also exerts immunomodulatory effects on MHC-restricted antigen presentation.

Hypericin (Cyclosan) is a natural anthraquinone compound, an extract of Hypericum perforatum, which inhibits PKC, MAO, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase, and CYP, etc. Hypericin exhibits antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, and antidepressant activities.

Hispidin is a polyphenol originally, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties

Procyanidin A1 (Proanthocyanidin A1) has antiallergic effects, it inhibits degranulation downstream of protein kinase C activation or Ca2+; influx from an internal store in RBL-2H3 cells.

Desmethylglycitein (6,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone) , is a novel inhibitor of PKCα in suppressing solar UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase 1, which has antioxidant, and anti-cancer activities.

Decursinol angelate has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and hepatoprotective activities, it inhibits VEGF-induced angiogenesis via suppression of the VEGFR-2-signaling pathway; it also suppresses invasion and inflammatory activation of cancer

Ionomycin is a calcium ion carrier and an antibiotic that binds to calcium ions (Ca2+). The main function of Ionomycin is to induce cellular responses by increasing the intracellular calcium ion concentration. In experiments, Ionomycin is typically used to activate calcium-dependent processes, such as apoptosis and enzyme activity.

Artemisinin (Qinghaosu) is a natural product, a sesquiterpene lactone, derived from Artemisia annua. Artemisinin has anti-malarial activity, as well as neuroprotective and anti-tumor activity.

Daphnetin (7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin), a natural coumarin derivative, is a protein kinase inhibitor with inhibitory for EGFR (IC50: 7.67 μM), PKA (IC50: 9.33 μM), and PKC (IC50: 25.01 μM), also exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

Honokiol (NSC-293100) is the active principle of magnolia extract. It inhibits the activation of Akt and enhances the phosphorylation of ERK1 ERK2.

Cholesteryl sulfate sodium (Sodium Cholesteryl Sulfate) is a sterol sulfate in human plasma. Cholesteryl sulfate sodium is a component of cell membrane and has a regulatory function. Cholesteryl sulfate sodium also activates multiple protein kinase C (PKC) iso-enzymes, especially the ε, η and ζ isoforms.

Methyl cinnamate, a tyrosinase inhibitor and a flavoring compound, has antimicrobial, antiadipogenic, vasorelaxant, and anti-inflammatory effects.

(-)-Bornyl acetate (L-(-)-Bornyl acetate) is a less active enantiomer of (+)-Bornyl acetate. Isolated from hyssop oil, it possesses antifungal, highly active whitening, and antioxidant properties, and it has potential applications in cosmeceutical materials. It downregulates proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in vivo, reduces the number of total cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF, attenuates histologic lung alterations, decreases the wet-to-dry weight ratio in BALF, and inhibits the activation of NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha, extracellular regulated protein kinases, c-JunN-terminal kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

1. Vitexin has antinociceptive and antispasmodic activities. 2. Vitexin exhibits a prominent first-pass effect. 3. Vitexin has antioxidant, antimyeloperoxidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. 4. Vitexin can either inhibit or induce activities of

Hispidin is a natural product, protein kinase C inhibitor, which belongs to the group of 2-pyrones and catechols. It has anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer activity, inhibition of oxidative stress and anti-apoptosis.

Palmitoylcarnitine chloride (Palmitoyl DL-carnitine chloride) is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation intermediate that mediates intralipid cardioprotection.Palmitoylcarnitine chloride eliminates colorectal cancer cell survival by depletion of glutathione. induces cancer cell death and regulates the interaction between protein kinase C βII and its receptor RACK1.