prostaglandin e1

Prostaglandin E1 (Alprostadil) is the naturally occurring prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which displays a variety of pharmacologic actions. Prostaglandin E1 is a potent vasodilator agent that increases peripheral blood flow, inhibits platelet aggregation, and induces bronchodilation. Used in the treatment of erectile dysfunction, this agent produces corporal smooth muscle relaxation by binding to PGE receptors, resulting in the activation of adenylate cyclase and the subsequent accumulation of 3'5'-cAMP.

Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid methyl ester is the methyl ester form of Dihomo-γ-Linolenic acid which has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects.

13,14-dihydro-15-keto Prostaglandin E1 inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human isolated platelet-rich plasma (IC50=14.8 μg/mL) and is a PGE1 metabolite.

8-iso Prostaglandin E1 causes spasm in the pulmonary veins of dogs and also acts as a vasodilator.

16,16-dimethyl Prostaglandin E1 is a PGE1 (T1626) analog that induces bronchoconstriction and vascular smooth muscle contraction and inhibits indomethacin-induced cell elongation.

1a,1b-dihomo Prostaglandin E1 is a class of prostaglandin compounds.

6-keto Prostaglandin E1 is a bioactive derivative of PGE1 that plays a role in antiplatelet aggregation and depolymerization.

11-deoxy Prostaglandin E1 is a prostaglandin E1 analogue that has bronchodilator activity and can inhibit histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and cause relaxation of tracheal strips in isolated guinea pigs.

13,14-dihydro Prostaglandin E1 (13,14-dihydro PGE1) is a biologically active metabolite of PGE1 with comparable potency to the parent compound. It is an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in human PRP and washed platelets with IC50 values of 31 and 21 nM, respectively. 13,14-dihydro PGE1 is a slightly more potent inhibitor of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation than PGE1 which has an IC50 value of 40 nM. Also, 13,14-dihydro PGE1 was shown to activate adenylate cyclase in NCB-20 hybrid cells with a Kact value of 668 nM.

19(R)-hydroxy Prostaglandin E1 is an agonist of EP1 and EP3 receptor subtypes and exhibits contractile activity on smooth muscle and is the major prostaglandin in primate semen.

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), synthesized through cyclooxygenase-mediated metabolism of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), functions by inhibiting platelet aggregation (IC50= 40 nM) and enhancing vasodilation. Its analog, 13,14-dihydro-16,16-difluoro PGE1, and the metabolite, 13,14-dihydro PGE1, both retain similar anti-aggregatory properties to the original compound. The inclusion of two electron-withdrawing fluorine atoms in 13,14-dihydro-16,16-difluoro PGE1 is believed to increase molecular stability and potentially extend bioavailability by resisting hydrolytic degradation.

13,14-Dihydro-15(R)-Prostaglandin E1 (13,14-dihydro-15(R)-PGE1) is an analog of 13,14-dihydro-PGE1 characterized by its R-configured hydroxyl group at the C-15 position [1].

13,14-Dihydro-19(R)-hydroxy Prostaglandin E1 (13,14-dihydro-19(R)-hydroxy PGE1) is posited as a theoretical metabolite resulting from the action of ω-1 hydroxylase on 13,14-dihydro PGE1. Its biosynthesis and biological activity remain unreported in scientific literature.

Prostaglandin E1 ethanolamide, an analog of Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), can potentially inhibit the GLI2-induced expression of target genes such as Gli1 and Ptch1, thereby reducing tumor growth [1].

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), though not predominantly found in nature, plays a significant role in clinical treatments, addressing conditions such as peripheral occlusive vascular disease, erectile dysfunction, and neonatal cardiology issues. The metabolism of PGE1 primarily begins with the oxidation at C-15, producing 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE1 as its major metabolite. Alternatively, inhibiting this pathway or overwhelming it with too much PGE1 could potentially enhance the production of 2,3-dinor metabolites, like 2,3-dinor PGE1, though their biological activities remain unreported. Cayman Chemical stands out as a prominent provider of prostaglandins and their metabolites, uniquely manufacturing 2,3-dinor PGE1.

Tetranor-Prostaglandin E1 (tetranor-PGE1), a metabolite of PGE1 and PGE2, undergoes formation through β-oxidation.

15(R),19(R)-Hydroxy prostaglandin E1 is a dihydroxy metabolite/stereoisomer of Prostaglandin E1. It is found in the semen of certain mammals, particularly primates.

Prostaglandin E1-D4 is the deuterated form of Prostaglandin E1. Prostaglandin E1 (T1626) (Alprostadil) is a prostaglandin receptor ligand with Ki values of 1.1 nM, 2.1 nM, 10 nM, 33 nM, and 36 nM for mouse EP3, EP4, EP2, IP, and EP1, respectively. It induces vasodilation and inhibits platelet aggregation, and serves as a vasodilator in research on peripheral vascular diseases.

Alprostadil sodium is a prostaglandin receptor ligand with Ki values of 36, 10, 1.1, 2.1, and 33 nM for EP1, EP2, EP3, EP4, and IP, respectively, in mice.It induces vasodilatation and inhibits platelet aggregation, and it can be used as a vasodilator for the study of peripheral vascular disease.

15-epi-PGE1 (15R-Prostaglandin E1; 15-Epiprostaglandin E1), a stereoisomer of PGE1, exhibits reduced biological activity [2]. This compound acts as a non-competitive inhibitor of human placental 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of 170 μM [1].

Ecraprost is used as a prodrug of prostaglandin E1.

Rioprostil is a methyl prostaglandin E1 analog that decreases gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the treatment of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric muco

Ornoprostil, a prostaglandin E1 analogue, acts as a mucosal protectant.

Gemeprost, an analog of prostaglandin E1, is used for the treatment of obstetric bleeding. It is used to terminate pregnancy up to 24 weeks gestation together with mifepristone.