mutagenesis

Sulfuretin is a potent anti-oxidant, has protective effect against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage in human liver-derived HepG2 cells is attributable to its ability to scavenge ROS and up-regulate the activity of HO-1 through the Nrf2/ARE and JNK/ERK signa

Robinetin (3,3',4',5',7-Pentahydroxyflavone) exhibits potent antioxidant and antiradical activities, effectively inhibiting EYPC membrane lipid peroxidation and HbA glycosylation.

alpha-Hexylaldehyde is a compound derived from cinnamaldehyde. It has potential anti-mutagenesis and chemical sensitization properties. It is widely used as an ingredient in many personal care products and as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

KP-1212 is a synthetic nucleoside analogue that exerts antiviral activity by inducing lethal mutagenesis of the viral genome, thereby increasing mutation rates beyond viral viability thresholds, and has been shown to inhibit HIV growth, making it a valuable research compound for studying antiviral mechanisms, viral replication fidelity, and mutation-driven therapeutic strategies.

2-Aminophenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic amine biomedical compound primarily used in investigative research as a model compound for studying metabolic activation, DNA adduct formation, and the mechanisms of mutagenesis and carcinogenesis associated with this class of environmental contaminants.

NM102 is an ATP-competitive mutagenesis frequency decline (Mfd) protein inhibitor with an IC50 of 29 μM and a Ki of 27 μM, displaying potent antimicrobial activity. It effectively combats infections caused by drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. NM102 shows activity in both insect and mouse models and can be used in studies of Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Acetylaminofluorene-dG is a carcinogenic adduct which covalently binds DNA bases and promotes mutagenesis near the adduct site.

4-hydroxy Nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product derived from oxidized ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and linoleic acid. [1] [2] It exhibits various biological activities such as cytotoxicity, growth inhibiting activity, genotoxicity, and chemotactic activity and has been widely used as a marker of lipid peroxidation.[1][2][3] 4-oxo-2-Nonenal is a more recently identified product of lipid peroxidation.[4][5][6] It actively modifies histidine and lysine residues on proteins and causes protein cross-linking. [7][8] 4-oxo-2-Nonenal also modifies 2'-deoxyguanosine, further implicating lipid peroxidation in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.[4]

Palmitic acid-1-13C is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of palmitic acid by GC- or LC-MS. Palmitic acid (T2908) is a 16-carbon saturated fatty acid. It comprises approximately 25% of human total plasma lipids.1 It increases protein levels of COX-2 in RAW 264.7 cells when used at a concentration of 75 μM.2 Palmitic acid (T2908) is involved in the acylation of proteins to anchor membrane-bound proteins to the lipid bilayer.2,3,4,5,6

NHC-triphosphate triammonium is an active phosphorylated intracellular metabolite of β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) as a triphosphate form[1]. NHC-triphosphate triammonium is a weak alternative substrate for the viral polymerase and can be incorporated into HCV replicon RNA[1][2]. In an intracellular metabolism assay, HCV replicon cells are treated with 10 μM 3H-labeled NHC, and intracellular nucleotide levels are determined after 1, 2 and 8 hours incubations. NHC is rapidly convered into the mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms, and NHC-TP reaches up to 71.12 pM after 8 hours[1].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) (5-40 μM) absence leads to full-length polymerization products, it can be a weak alternative substrate. In addition, incorporation of NHC-TP instead of CTP increases the molecular weight of the polymerization product by 16 (one extra oxygen) for each event and an obvious electrophoretic shift is observed in cell-free HCV NS5B polymerization reactions[1].Huh-7 cells are incubated with (10-50 μM; 4 h) NHC or a McGuigan phosphoramidate prodrug of NHC. Intracellular levels of the parental compounds and phosphorylated metabolites are measured using LC-MS/MS. Small amounts of NHC-monophosphate (MP) and NHC-diphosphate (DP) can be observed, while NHC-triphosphate triammonium remains the most abundant metabolite[2].NHC-triphosphate triammonium (NHC-TP) metabolite may directly target the viral polymerase and behave as a nonobligate chain terminator. It plays a prominent role in inhibiting early negative-strand RNA synthesis, either through chain termination or mutagenesis, which may in turn interfere with correct replicase complex formation. [1]. Stuyver LJ,et al. Ribonucleoside analogue that blocks replication of bovine viral diarrhea and hepatitis C viruses in culture.Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003 Jan;47(1):244-54. [2]. Maryam Ehteshami, et al. Characterization of β-d- N4-Hydroxycytidine as a Novel Inhibitor of Chikungunya Virus.

Allixin is a phytoallexin found in garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs. Allixin has weak antimicrobial activity and exerts an anti-promoting activity against skin tumors induced by the chemical 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Allixin also demonstrates an inhibitory effect on aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenesis.

2'-Deoxy-1,N6-ethenoadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (ε-dATP), a fluorescent derivative of 2'-deoxyadenosine-5'-O-triphosphate (dATP), promotes sister chromatid exchange in stimulated primary mouse spleen T- and B lymphocytes with LPS or concanavalin A at concentrations of 50 to 150 µM. Utilized in ambiguous base pairing investigations within vinyl chloride-induced mutagenesis research, ε-dATP, along with its related compound ε-ATP—which exhibits an emission peak at 415 nm after being excited at 300 nm—contributes to understanding genetic alterations mechanisms.

dITP trisodium salt (2'-Deoxyinosine-5'-triphosphate trisodium salt) is present in the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima and can be used as a mutation reagent in mutagenesis PCR.

4-Oxo-2-nonanal (4-ONE) is a lipid peroxidation product that actively modifies histidine and lysine residues in proteins, leading to protein cross-linking, and alters 2'-deoxyguanosine, indicating its role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. 4-ONE alkyne, an alkyne-tagged electrophile, serves as a probe for isolating and identifying lipid peroxidation reaction products through click chemistry.

alpha-Hexylcinnamaldehyde (Standard) is the standard substance of alpha-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, and it is applicable for quantitative analysis, quality control, and related research in biochemical experiments. alpha-Hexylaldehyde is a compound derived from cinnamaldehyde. It has potential anti-mutagenesis and chemical sensitization properties. It is widely used as an ingredient in many personal care products and as an additive in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Matairesinoside is a lignan extracted from the stem bark of Styrax japonica S. et Z, which is known to exhibit antibacterial and antioxidant properties while also functioning as a virus–cell fusion inhibitor. Matairesinoside acts as a potent inhibitor of TMEM16A, a novel target implicated in lung cancer progression, confirmed through molecular simulation and site-directed mutagenesis. Matairesinoside significantly reduces lung cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis, with gene knockdown and overexpression demonstrating TMEM16A as the direct target and Western blot analysis elucidating the associated signaling pathways involved in tumor suppression.

1-β-D-2'-Deoxyribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide-5'-O-triphosphate (tetrasodium) is a nucleotide analog. It can be utilized in research involving the Sequence Saturation Mutagenesis (SeSaM) technique.

ARP (Aldehyde reactive probe) is a chemical compound that serves as an aldehyde-reactive probe by specifically tagging AP sites in DNA with biotin residues. It is used to detect abasic sites, which are common forms of DNA damage and intermediates in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. ARP is highly sensitive, capable of detecting abasic sites at the femtomolar level (fewer than 1 site per 10^4 nucleotides).