monolayer

DSPS (Dioctadecanoylphosphatidylserine) is a glycerophospholipid, an important phospholipid membrane component that plays a key role in cell cycle signaling. DSPS can regulate cellular activity and mediate apoptosis. DSPS is widely used as a nutritional supplement.

Luxdegalutamide (ARV-766) is a PROTAC and a protein degrader targeting the androgen receptor, capable of effectively degrading wild-type and drug-resistant mutants including L702H, H875Y, and T878A. With oral bioactivity and cell permeability, this compound is used in castration-resistant prostate cancer research and exhibits significant antitumor activity.

BMP-22 is an inhibitor of autotaxin (IC50 = 170 nM). It is selective for autotaxin over the phosphodiesterases NPP6 and NPP7 at 10 μM. BMP-22 (0.1-1,000 nM) inhibits autotaxin-mediated production of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. It inhibits LPC-dependent MM1 cell invasion of a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer. BMP-22 (0.5 mg/kg per day) decreases the number of lung metastatic foci in a B16/F10 syngeneic mouse melanoma model of lung metastasis.

SB02024 is a VPS34 inhibitor. SB02024 activates cGAS-STING signaling and sensitizes tumors to STING agonist. SB02024 blocked autophagy in vitro and reduced xenograft growth of two breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, in vivo. Vps34 inhibitor significantly potentiated cytotoxicity of Sunitinib and Erlotinib in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 in vitro in monolayer cultures and when grown as multicellular spheroids. Our data suggests that inhibition of autophagy significantly improves sensitivity to Sunitinib and Erlotinib and that Vps34 is a promising therapeutic target for combination strategies in breast cancer.

His-D-beta-Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2 TFA, a growth hormone releasing peptide and metabolite of GHRP-1 (Ala-His-D-beta-Nal-Ala-Trp-D-Phe-Lys-NH2), stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion and elevates intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in rat pituitary gland monolayer cells without altering cAMP levels [1].

1-Palmitoyl-D9-2-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE is essential in the inner plasma membrane leaflet. This compound forms a condensed lipid monolayer with cholesterol through tight hydrogen bonding between 1,2-DPPE headgroups, enhancing membrane fluidity to support transport and signaling.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-N,N-dimethyl-PE is a derivative of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PE (1,2-DPPE) with two added methyl groups on its sn-3 moiety, which in aqueous suspensions, reduces the phase transition temperature relative to those of 1,2-DPPE and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-N-methyl-PE (1,2-NMeDPPE). It is utilized in creating liposomes and monolayers for investigating membrane permeability and monolayer viscosity.

4-FPBUA, a semi-synthetic analog of lichen acid, enhances the functionality of cell-based blood-brain barriers (BBB) and increases the transport of β-amyloid (Aβ) in monolayer cells. Additionally, it acts as an inhibitor of mTOR, enhancing cellular autophagy (Autophagy) which can reverse BBB disruption in vivo, making it relevant for research in Alzheimer's disease.

2,3-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine, 95%, is a key component of pulmonary surfactant that forms a monolayer to reduce lung surface tension and prevent lung collapse during exhalation.

Angelol A and angelol B are passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.

The absorption and transport of angelol A and Angelol B are passive diffusion as the dominating process in Caco-2 cell monolayer model.

4beta-Hydroxywithanolide E(4bHWE) can inhibit the growth of colon cancer monolayer and spheroid cultures, it assert its anti-tumor activity in carcinogenic progression and develop into a dietary chemopreventive agent, it affects alternative splicing by mo

Secretin, canine TFA, is an endocrine hormone that stimulates the secretion of pancreatic fluid rich in bicarbonate. Additionally, Secretin, canine TFA, can regulate the primary cell functions and paracellular permeability of gastric monolayer cells through an Src kinase-dependent pathway.