cytochalasin a

Cytochalasin A, a cell-permeable fungal toxin and oxidized derivative of cytochalasin B, is an inhibitor of HIV-1 protease (IC50 = 3 μM). It inhibits actin polymerization, interferes with microtubule assembly by reacting with sulfhydryl groups, and serves as an antibiotic and bactericidal active agent.

Cytochalasin O (compound 13), a secondary metabolite produced by the phytopathogenic fungus P. sp. CIB-109 [1], is characterized by its bioactive properties.

Cytochalasin N, derived from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp.CIB-109 [1], is a cytorelaxin.

Cytochalasin K (Compound 7) is a cytochalasin known to inhibit wheat root elongation, exhibiting an IC50 value of 22.58 μM [1].

Cytochalasin Z2, a metabolite produced by the fungus P. semeniperda, exhibits anticancer properties. It effectively inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cell lines, including OE21 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, U373 MG glioblastoma, A549 lung cancer, B16/F10 melanoma, and Hs 683 glioma, with IC50 values of 70, 86, 99, 29, and 94 µM, respectively.

Cytochalasin R (compound 17), an analogue of cytochalasin, is derived from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. xz-18 and exhibits potential antifungal activity [1].

Cytochalasin F reversibly inhibits cytokinesis and possesses various biological activities including the inhibition of macrophage endocytosis and exocytosis.

Cytochalasin G exhibits reversible inhibition of cytokinesis and also inhibits macrophage phagocytosis and exocytosis, among other biological activities.

Cytochalasin L possesses reversible biological activities, including the inhibition of cytoplasmic division, as well as the suppression of both endocytosis and exocytosis in phagocytic macrophages.

Cytochalasin M exhibits various biological activities, including reversible inhibition of cytoplasmic division and the suppression of both endocytosis and exocytosis in macrophages.

Cytochalasin C, a cell-permeable fungal toxin, induces the formation of nuclear sticks and is 10 times less toxic than cytochalasin D in mice.

Cytochalasin E is a potent actin depolymerization agent and an epoxide containing Aspergillus-derived fungal metabolite. Cytochalasin E also inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth. It binds and caps the barbed end of actin filaments to prevent actin elong

Cytochalasin H ((16-Benzyl-5,12-dihydroxy-5,7,14-trimethyl-13-methylidene-18-oxo-17-azatricyclo[9.7.0.01,15]octadeca-3,9-dien-2-yl) acetate) is a potent inhibitor of actin incorporation into filaments.

1-Oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-rac-glycerol (1,2-OP) is a diacylglycerol containing oleic acid at the sn-1 position and palmitic acid at the sn-2 position. It enhances the inhibition of superoxide anion production by cytochalasin B when used at a concentration of 10 μM. The concentration of 1,2-OP decreases from 25.7 to 11.15% during the dry-curing process of Iberian ham.

Sydowinin B is a xanthone polyketide that has been found inA. sydowiiand has immunosuppressant activity.1It inhibits LPS- or concanavalin A-induced proliferation of isolated mouse splenic lymphocytes (IC50s = 19.2 and 20.8 μg/ml, respectively).2Sydowinin B inhibits superoxide generation in, and elastase release from, isolated human neutrophils induced by cytochalasin B and N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe with IC50values of 21.2 and 12.62 μM, respectively.3

L-858,051 is a water-soluble analog of forskolin , a cell-permeant activator of adenylate cyclase. L-858,051 activates adenylate cyclase (EC50 = 3 μM), inhibits glucose transport, and blocks cytochalasin B binding in rat adipocyte membranes. L-858,051 is used to activate adenylate cyclase and initiate signaling through elevated cAMP synthesis in a variety of cell types in culture.

Cytochalasin B is a mycotoxin binding to the barbed end of actin filaments. It can disrupt the formation of actin polymers (Kd: 1.4-2.2 nM for F-actin).

Chaetoglobosin F is a cytochalasin-type alkaloid derived from Chaetomium globosum. It exhibits cytotoxic properties against human nasopharyngeal epidermoid carcinoma cells (KB), with an IC50 value of 52.0 µM.

Evofolin B is a natural compound isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides. Evofolin B has an inhibitory effect on the superoxide anion produced by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionine-L-leucine-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB).

2'-Hydroxydaidzein is an isoflavonoid phytonutrient found in plant species, when a natural compound. 2'-Hydroxydaidzein has antioxidant activity, driven mainly by o-hydrogen bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanisms. 2'-Hydroxydaidzein inhibits chemical mediators in inflammatory cells and may be of value in the treatment and prevention of inflammatory diseases associated with excessive chemical mediator production. It may have a role in the treatment and prevention of central and peripheral inflammatory diseases associated with excessive chemical mediator production. 2'-Hydroxydaidzein inhibited the release of neutrophils and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB) in rats, with IC(50) values of 2.8+/-0.1 and 5.9+/-1.4 microM, respectively.