aaph

AAPH is a water-soluble azo compound which is used extensively as a free radical generator, often in the study of lipid peroxidation and the characterization of antioxidants.[1],[2],[3],[4] Decomposition of AAPH produces molecular nitrogen and 2 carbon radicals. The carbon radicals may combine to produce stable products or react with molecular oxygen to give peroxyl radicals. The half-life of AAPH is about 175 hours (37°C at neutral pH), making the rate of free radical generation essentially constant during the first several hours in solution.[5] While AAPH may be used effectively for lipid peroxidation in aqueous dispersions of fatty acids, other radical generators may be better suited for peroxidation studies in lipid micelles or membranes.[6],[7]

(R)-4-((3R,5S,7R,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,7,12-Trihydroxy-7,10,13-trimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences and the catalog number is T64669.

(2S,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-2,16-di(piperidin-1-yl)hexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T64990 and the CAS number is 13522-16-2.

(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-((R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl (Z)-octadec-9-en-1-yl carbonate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65075 and the CAS number is 17110-51-9.

(2'R,7R,8R,10S,13S,14S)-Methyl 10,13-dimethyl-3,5'-dioxo-1,2,3,4',5',6,7,8,10,12,13,14,15,16-tetradecahydro-3'H-spiro[cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-17,2'-furan]-7-carboxylate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T65404 and the CAS number is 95716-70-4.

(R)-Methyl 4-((3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,12S,13R,14S,17R)-3,12-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66136 and the CAS number is 10538-65-5.

(8S,9S,10R,14S)-13-Ethyl-11-methylene-2,3,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17(6H)-one is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66298 and the CAS number is 54024-21-4.

(3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-17-Iodo-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66301 and the CAS number is 32138-69-5.

(7R,8R,9S,13S,14S,17S)-7-(9-Bromononyl)-13-methyl-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66315 and the CAS number is 875573-67-4.

(R)-Methyl 4-((3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66656 and the CAS number is 10538-59-7.

(R)-4-((3R,5R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R,E)-6-Ethylidene-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoic acid is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66741 and the CAS number is 1516887-33-4.

(R)-Methyl 4-((3R,5R,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-3,6-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66748 and the CAS number is 2868-48-6.

(R)-Benzyl 4-((3R,5R,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R,E)-6-ethylidene-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-7-oxohexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)pentanoate is a useful organic compound for research related to life sciences. The catalog number is T66990 and the CAS number is 1352328-66-5.

Porphyra 334 is a mycobacterial acid amino acid (MAA) discovered in P. yezoensis, exhibiting antioxidant and anti-photoaging effects. It inhibits ROS production and MMP expression following UVA irradiation, suppresses AAPH-induced oxidation, and prevents lipid peroxidation induced by singlet oxygen.

1. Phellodendrine (Phallodendrin) has anti-nephritic activity, may be due to its ability to inhibit the proliferation or the migration of macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the glomeruli.

Pyridoxatin is a fungal metabolite that inhibits production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Pyridoxatin inhibits hemolysis induced by the free radical generator AAPH and is active against C. albicans.

3-Epidehydrotumulosic acid exhibits inhibitory effects on AAPH-induced haemolysis of erythrocytes.

3-O-Acetyl-16α-hydroxytrametenolic acid exhibits inhibitory activities against AAPH-induced hemolysis of red blood cells and demonstrates strong inhibitory effects on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation in mice.

Ligupurpuroside B is a natural phenethyl glycoside discovered in Ligustrum robustum, exhibiting antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 80.4 μM against AAPH-induced haemolysis.

Alloisoimperatorin is a candidate of AChE inhibitors, it displays potent antioxidant effects against the DPPH radical and against renal epithelial cell injury by using AAPH to generate peroxyl radicals in vitro. Alloisoimperatorin has estrogenic activity

2,2'-Azobis[2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride dihydrochloride is an azo compound used to study oxidative stress, with cell death induced by AIPH or AAPH proportional to free radical formation. AIPH consumption in rats increased plasma levels of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, 7-hydroxycholesterol, and lysophosphatidylcholine, making it useful for kinetic and mechanistic studies on oxidative stress in membranes, lipoproteins, cells, and animal models.