Cauloside A

Cauloside A is a bioactive triterpenoid saponin derived from Cimicifuga thalictroides with multifunctional anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, hemolytic, and molluscicidal activities. Cauloside A induces concentration-dependent and time-dependent mitochondriotoxic actions, rapidly increasing the cellular respiration rate followed by a dramatic decline within minutes. Mechanistic studies show Cauloside A disrupts mitochondrial membrane integrity, impairing mitochondrial function and contributing to potent biological effects relevant to therapeutic development.

Cauloside D, a triterpene glycoside isolated from Caulophyllum robustum Max, inhibits the expression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects.

Cauloside G is a natural product that can be used as a reference standard. The CAS number of Cauloside G is 60454-69-5.

Cauloside C is a natural triterpenoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting iNOS and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2).

Cauloside F, a triterpenoid saponin, is found in *Clematis akebioides*.