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Squalene (AddaVax) is a natural organic compound originally obtained for commercial purposes primarily from shark liver oil, though there are botanical sources as well, including rice bran, wheat germ, and olives. All higher organisms produce squalene, including humans. Squalene is an intermediate product in the synthesis of cholesterol and shows several pharmacological properties such as hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant, and antitoxicant activity.

(E/Z)-Squalene ((E/Z)-AddaVax) regulates intracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) production, induces apoptosis and necrosis in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, accumulates in the liver, and lowers hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides.