Salidroside is a bioactive phenolic glycoside compound isolated from Rhodiola rosea and is a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor. Salidroside can alleviate cachexia symptoms in a tumor cachexia mouse model by activating mTOR signaling and protect dopaminergic neurons by enhancing PINK1 Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Salidroside can also inhibit the growth of cancer cells by regulating the CDK4-cyclin D1 pathway to block the G1 phase and or regulating the Cdc2-cyclin B1 pathway to block the G2 phase.

Rosiridin (6'-O-Deacetylrosiridoside C) has cardioprotective activity.

Rosarin has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Rosarin supresses the expression of the proinflammatory factors iNOS, IL-1 β, and TNF- α in the kidney and prefrontal cortex of brain in mice .

Gossypetin, a hexahydroxylated flavonoid extractable from Rhodiola rosea Linn. is a potent MKK3 and MKK6 inhibitor that strongly attenuates the MKK3/6-p38 signaling pathway.Gossypetin exhibits antimutagenic, antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, as well as cytoprotective and antimicrobial effects.It inhibits bone resorption by downregulating lysosomal caspase K activity and inducing autophagy-associated proteins in actin ring osteoclasts. Gossypetin has anti-mutagenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-oxidant, cytoprotective and antibacterial effects, and it inhibits bone resorption by down-regulating lysosomal caspase K activity and by inducing autophagy-associated protein in actin ring osteoblasts.

Rhodiocyanoside A (Multifidin) is a flavonoid that can be extracted from Rhodiola, showing inhibitory activity against histamine release from peritoneal exudate cells sensitized with anti-2,4-dinitrophenyl IgE in rats.

Crenulatin, a natural gallotannin, has a bi-directional effect on apoptosis in mouse cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, acting through the regulation of Fas Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity.

Rhodiolin, a natural product from Rhodiola rosea, blocks glycolysis of glucose 6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), inhibits phosphorylation of the PI3K AKT mTOR signaling pathway and induces apoptosis of PTC cells.

(2RS)-Lotaustralin is a natural product from Rhodiola rosea L.