separation

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol is an internal standard for the isolation and characterization of molecular species of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG).

Proteins separation resin is a hydrophobic interaction chromatography resin used for monoclonal antibody purification (particle size: 65 μm).

Ifosfamide (NSC-109724) alkylates and forms DNA crosslinks, thereby preventing DNA strand separation and DNA replication. Ifosfamide is a synthetic analog of the nitrogen mustard cyclophosphamide with antineoplastic activity. This agent is a prodrug that must be activated through hydroxylation by hepatic microsomal enzymes.

D-Desthiobiotin is a biotin derivative used in affinity chromatography and protein chromatography, as well as for protein and cell labeling, detection, and separation.

S-trityl-L-Cysteine is a non-natural amino acid and an inhibitor of Eg5, also known as KSP and Kif11, a mitotic kinesin necessary for mitotic spindle formation. S-trityl-L-Cysteine inhibits the ATPase activity of Eg5 in basal and microtubule-stimulated states (IC50s = 1,000 and 140 nM, respectively). It is selective for Eg5 over nine other human kinesins in an enzyme-coupled assay. It reversibly inhibits Eg5-driven microtubule sliding velocity with an IC50 value of 500 nM using X. laevis recombinant Eg5. It induces cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells (IC50 = 700 nM), reversibly halting the cell cycle in the mitotic phase by inhibiting the separation of duplicated chromosomes and preventing bipolar spindle formation. S-trityl-L-Cysteine inhibits the growth of cancer cells in vitro when tested against the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 human cancer cell line panel (average GI50 = 1.3 μM) and in mouse xenograft models.

Sucrose-epichlorohydrin copolymer (Polysucrose 400) is a high molecular weight polymer of sucrose co-polymerized with epichlorohydrin for density gradient separation of cells, cell membranes, organelles, and viral cells and protein liqudi-liquid phase separation (LLPS).

Nonaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (Polidocanol) is a nonionic surfactant and polyethylene glycol (PEG) detergent. It can be used to form initial coalesced O/W emulsion droplets and for protein separation and purification.

Collagenase Type VIII hydrolyses Type VIII collagen and can be used to study collagen metabolism processes in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Collagenase Type VIII can also hydrolyse other protein components in the extracellular matrix (ECM), making it useful for tissue dissociation and cell separation.

QKY-613 is a prodrug designed to enhance immune surveillance by targeting nucleic acid modification pathways. It selectively facilitates the incorporation of 6mdA (N6-methyl-deoxyadenosine) into viral DNA, boosting the DNA's phase separation potential and subsequently increasing cGAS activation levels to strengthen host immune surveillance. In mouse models of viral infection, QKY-613 significantly reduced mortality in aged mice. This compound holds promise for studying immune surveillance mechanisms based on nucleic acid modifications.

ZIGIR enables insulin content-based separation of heterogeneous beta cells and islet sorting into pure alpha and beta cells, revealing unexpected zinc(II) activity in somatostatin granules of delta cells in human islets.

ChEMBL22003 is a potential ARV7 phase separation modulator that binds to the binding site of ARV7. It holds promise for research in prostate cancer.

Aurora kinase inhibitor-14 (Compound 79) is an orally active and highly selective inhibitor of Aurora kinases, effectively inhibiting both Aurora A and Aurora B with IC50 values of 0.5 nM and 1.2 nM, respectively. It binds to the ATP binding site of Aurora kinases, blocking chromosome separation during mitosis and inducing apoptosis in tumor cells. Aurora kinase inhibitor-14 shows potential for research in various solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia.

XL-3158 is an orally active inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) with human cGAS IC50 of 11.1 μM and murine cGAS IC50 of 2.19 μM. It binds both allosteric and orthosteric sites, stabilizing the inactive closed conformation of the enzyme, thereby weakening cGAS interaction with DNA. By targeting phase separation, XL-3158 effectively penetrates cells, reduces intracellular cGAS local concentration through inhibition of aggregate formation, and shows no significant cytotoxicity at effective concentrations, making it suitable for subsequent cellular function experiments. XL-3158 overcomes species selectivity barriers, presenting a candidate drug for cGAS-dependent inflammatory diseases.

XL-3156 is a potent, selective, and cross-species inhibitor of cGAS. It simultaneously occupies allosteric and orthosteric sites, stabilizing the closed conformation of the activation loop to inhibit the interaction and phase separation of cGAS with DNA. XL-3156 is applicable for research into autoimmune diseases and inflammation.

Dihydrocapsaicin (CCRIS1589) is isolated from Capsicum fruit. Capsaicin is the primary active component of the heat and pain-eliciting lipid soluble fraction of the Capsicum pepper. Like capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin is an irritant. Capsaicin is found in natural hot pepper extracts along with a number of impurities, including dihydrocapsaicin and several lesser impurities. Separation by HPLC is required in order to obtain pure dihydrocapsaicin. Dihydrocapsaicin represents about 10% of the compound present in commercial preparations purporting to be pure capsaicin, but it has about the same pungency as capsaicin. VR1 (vanilloid receptor 1) is a heat activated calcium ion channel which functions as a part of the normal nociceptive pain pathway. Capsaicin elicits a sensation of burning pain by activation of VR1 on small, non-myelinated polymodal C-type nociceptive nerve fibers. The potency of dihydrocapsaicin at VR1 appears equivalent to capsaicin. Antioxidant. Reduces oxidation of serum lipids. Mutagenic. Dihydrocapsaicin is an activator of VR1.

Netzahualcoyonol has antibacterial and cytotoxic activity. Bioactivity-directed separation led to the isolation of tingenone and Netzahualcoyonol as biologically active materials.

UMK57 is a CENP-Ei and MCAK enhancer, selectively promoting k-MT attachment error correction to inhibit chromosome missegregation of small molecule compounds, and can improve chromosome separation conservation by disrupting the stability of kinetosomal microtubule (k-MT) attachment during mitosis.

α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) is a saccharide comprised of six glucose subunits linked by α-1,4 bonds, which results in a cone-shaped molecule.1It contains a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior, which allow it to form inclusion complexes with wide variety of molecules, conferring enhanced solubility and stabilization to the molecules. α-CD has commonly been used in the separation and purification of chemicals on an industrial scale.1,2Formulations containing α-CD have been used in the pharmaceutical industry to improve the physical and chemical properties of compounds, the food industry as flavor carriers and stabilizers in processed and ultra-processed foods and certain beverages, as well as in other industrial applications. 1.Li, S., and Purdy, W.C.Cyclodextrins and their applications in analytical chemistryChem. Rev.92(6)1457-1470(1992) 2.Astray, G., Gonazalez-Barreiro, C., Mejuto, J.C., et al.A review on the use of cyclodextrins in foodsFood Hydrocolloids23(7)1631-1640(2009)

Phosphoramide mustard cyclohexanamine is the active metabolite of cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA strands, organizes cell division and causes cell death, and has antitumor activity.

6-O-Sulfo-β-cyclodextrin is a sulfated cyclodextrin.1It has been used for the chiral separation of nadolol racemates by capillary electrophoresis. 1.Wang, F., Dowling, T., Bicker, G., et al.Electrophoretic chiral separation of pharmaceutical compounds with multiple stereogenic centers in charged cyclodextrin mediaJ. Sep. Sci.24(5)378-384(2001)

Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride plays a key role in promoting cell attachment to solid substrates by enhancing the electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged ions present on the cell membrane and the surface of the culture substrate as a non-specific attachment factor.Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride is a peptide that at low concentrations Due to its cationic peptide nature, Poly-L-lysine hydrochloride is antimicrobially active. These properties make it an important component for enhancing cell adhesion, regulating phase separation kinetics and demonstrating antimicrobial activity.

Gel filtration medium G-100, a substance designed for protein purification, enables the separation and purification of proteins through gel filtration.

G247 is a specific inhibitor of MsbA, a wedge of transmembrane structural domains (TMDs) that symmetrically enhances the separation of nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) and prevents conformational transitions of MsbA. G247 increases the distance between NBDs, thereby inhibiting ATPase activity.

ZK-Thiazolidinone, also known as TAL, is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PLK1. In vitro, ZK-Thiazolidinone counteracts the role of Plk1 in previously established functions, notably, sister chromatid separation, centrosome maturation, and bipolar spindle assembly. In vivo, ZK-Thiazolidinone selectively inhibits PLK1 and causes a prometaphase-like mitotic (G2–M) arrest. ZK-Thiazolidinone inhibits human PLK1 (IC50, 19± 12 nM) and various human and mouse tumor cell lines (IC50, 0.2–1.3 μM). ZK-Thiazolidinone impairs centrosome maturation.