organism

1-Undecanol (1-Hendecanol) is a natural product in many foods such as fruits, butter, eggs and cooked pork, is used as a flavoring ingredient.

Spectinomycin dihydrochloride (Actinospectacin) is an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces spectabilis. It is active against gram-negative bacteria and used for the treatment of gonorrhea.

D-Xylose ((2S,3R,4S,5R)-oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol) is a monosaccharide widely found in yeast and involved in the metabolism of the organism.

Ethionamide (2-ethylthioisonicotinamide) is a nicotinamide derivative, with antibacterial activity, used to treat tuberculosis. Although the exact mechanism of action of ethionamide is unknown, it may inhibit the synthesis of mycolic acid, a saturated fatty acid found in the bacterial cell wall, thereby inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis. This eventually leads to bacterial cell wall disruption and cell lysis. Ethionamide may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal in action, depending on the concentration of the drug at the site of infection and the susceptibility of the organism involved.

Kaempferol-3-O-[2″,6″-di-O-E-p-coumaroyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside, an acylated kaempferol glucoside, can be extracted from the leaves of O. dentata and serves as a repellent for the fouling organism, the blue mussel M. edulis [1].

Dalbergioidin exhibits tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 20 mM. It shows a melanin biosynthesis inhibition zone in the culture plate of Streptomyces bikiniensis that has commonly been used as an indicator organism. Dalbergioidin protects MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells against H2O2-induced cell damage through activation of the PI3K AKT SMAD1 pathway, suggests that it may be useful in bone metabolism diseases, particularly osteoporosis. Dalbergioidin also ameliorates doxorubicin-induced renal fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β signal pathway.

Vomifoliol is most likely the immediate precursor of dehydrovomifoliol, because of the organism converted abscisic acid (ABA), to dehydrovomifoliol as the major metabolise, and a cell-free extract exhibits vomifoliol dehydrogenase activity. Vomifoliol and