nivalenol

Nivalenol is a fungal metabolite produced by Fusarium graminearum. Nivalenol induces cell death through caspase and intrinsic apoptotic pathways thus affecting the immune system and causing emesis, growth retardation, and reproductive disorders.

Deoxynivalenol (Vomitoxin) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. of the single trichothecene family and is commonly found in contaminated food and feed.Deoxynivalenol crosses the intestinal mucosa via a cellular bypass at the tight junctions.Deoxynivalenol transporters are unaffected by inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (PgP) or multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP). Deoxynivalenol commonly causes diarrhea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal inflammation in humans and animals.

3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol is a trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol acetylated derivative and a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeable mycotoxin.

15-Acetyl-deoxynivalenol, a highly toxic trichothecene found in cereals, exhibits toxicity to HepG2 cells.

Deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (DON-3-β-D-glucoside) is a plant metabolite of the Fusarium mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol, exhibiting lower toxicity than Deoxynivalenol in vitro and in vivo [1][2].