molecules

Tauroursodeoxycholate (UR 906), also known as ursodoxicoltaurine, is a highly hydrophilic tertiary bile acid that is produced in humans at a low concentration. Tauroursodeoxycholate is the more hydrophilic form of ursodeoxycholic acid, which is the more abundant naturally produced bile acid in humans.Tauroursodeoxycholate is being investigated for use in several conditions such as Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC), insulin resistance, amyloidosis, Cystic Fibrosis, Cholestasis, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Digitonin is a natural product of the glycoside family and is a detergent. Digitonin has antitumor activity, binds to cholesterol molecules to increase the permeability of cell membranes, and is active in the cleavage of cell membranes in a wide range of cells.

Tauroursodeoxycholate sodium (TUDC) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibitor, used for the treatment of gallstones and liver cirrhosis.

RWJ 50271 is a selective lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1/intercellular adhesion molecule-1(LFA-1/ICAM-1) interaction inhibitor( IC50 of 5.0 μM in HL60 cells).

A-205804 is a specific and effective inhibitor of E-selectin( IC50=20 nM ) and ICAM-1(IC50=25 nM) expression.

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin) is a macrocyclic compound utilized as a solubilizer for hydrophobic substances in biological studies, and serves as a lipid raft inhibitor with cholesterol-lowering and potential antitumor activities.

Cyclosporin A is a natural product and an active fungal metabolite, classified as a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant. It binds to cyclophilin and inhibits the activity of calcineurin (IC₅₀ = 7 nM) as well as CD11a/CD18 adhesion molecules. It is commonly used to induce uremia models.

DADPS Biotin Azide (Biotin-PEG4-amino-t-Bu-DADPS-C6-azide) is a PROTAC linker and a chemical linking unit used for constructing proteolysis-targeting chimeras, featuring favorable chemical cleavability and bioorthogonal reactivity, commonly employed in the synthesis of PROTAC molecules with targeted protein degradation functionality.

Corn oil is a kind of vegetable oil extracted from corn germ. Corn oil is mainly used as a carrier and solvent in scientific research.

GW3965 hydrochloride (GW3965 HCl) belongs to synthetic small molecules and is a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist (hLXRα EC50 = 190 nM; hLXRβ EC50 = 30 nM) with subtype selectivity, cell permeability, and oral activity. This compound is used in research related to metabolism, inflammation, and neuropathic pain.

Biocytin hydrazide is an aldehyde-fixable cellular tracer that can be introduced into cells by microinjection. Biocytin hydrazide can also be used to label glycoproteins or other carbohydrate molecules.

5-A-RU (5-Amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil) is an early intermediate in riboflavin biosynthesis and is found in a variety of bacteria and yeast as well as plants. 5-A-RU is also a mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell activator that forms potent MAIT-activating antigens through non-enzymatic reactions with small molecules from other metabolic pathways.

Rufigallol (AI3-00865) is an electron-deficient disk-shaped molecule with six hydroxyl groups and is a good unit for inducing the formation of DLC from non-planar AIE molecules, an anthraquinone derivative.Rufigallol induces the acquisition of DLC properties, while the introduction of TPE groups gives the molecular structure good fluorescence in the aggregated state.The remarkable synergistic in vitro antimalarial effect, in vivo with vitamin C and ketones was synergistic and showed antimalarial activity.

Triparanol (NSC-65345) interferes with posttranslational modification of Hedgehog signaling molecules as well as the sterol sensing domain of its receptor PTCH1, leading to down-regulation of Hedgehog signaling. Triparanol suppresses human tumor growth and is an antilipemic agent with high ophthalmic toxicity.

9-Cyclopentyladenine (NSC-19486) is an adenylate cyclase inhibitor that blocks cellular morphological differentiation and phosphorylation of specific signaling molecules.

BNTA is a potent extracellular matrix (ECM) modulator. In a rat model of arthritis, BNTA modulates arthritis by promoting the synthesis of cartilage structural molecules on chondrocytes through the induction of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and regulating chondrogenesis through superoxide anion elimination.

17-AEP-GA is an HSP90 antagonist, a potent inhibitor of glioblastoma cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion, and a toxic component of antibody-coupled activated molecules (ADCs), which can be used to study glioblastomas.

TCIP 1 is a small molecule in the category of transcriptional/epigenetic covalent inhibitor probes (TCIPs) that forms covalent bonds with molecules targeting BCL6 and BRD4. This compound facilitates cell death gene expression by directing endogenous cancer drivers or transcription factors to the promoters of these genes. Additionally, TCIP 1 exhibits a gain-of-function mechanism, displaying both cell and tissue specificity, and it establishes a ternary complex with BCL6 and BRD4. It counteracts BCL6's inhibitory effect on apoptosis gene expression, leading to the activation of apoptosis. Furthermore, TCIP 1 markedly suppresses MYC oncogene expression and curtails the proliferation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) [1].

2-Cyclohexen-1-one can be used as a specific reaction substrate or molecular probe in biochemical experiments, often assisting in exploring the interactions between cyclic unsaturated ketones and enzymes as well as biological macromolecules. 2-Cyclohexen-1-one is a practical reagent for analyzing the reaction mechanisms of related molecules in biochemical research.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are naturally occurring functional oligosaccharides, which are composed of 2 to 10 fructose molecules combined with glucose molecules. They are widely found in natural plants such as bananas, onions, garlic, chicory, and honey. As a typical prebiotic, fructooligosaccharides cannot be digested and absorbed by the human body, but are selectively fermented by beneficial gut bacteria, especially bifidobacteria, to promote gut health, support microbial balance.

Acridine is a classic fluorescent pH indicator that combines stability and fluorescence properties. Its tricyclic conjugated molecular structure can achieve pH response. In different pH environments, Acridine molecules undergo protonation or deprotonation transformations, and this structural change significantly alters their fluorescence properties.

DL-Penicillamine (3-Sulfanylvaline) is a chelating agent recommended for the removal of excess copper in patients with Wilson's disease. DL-Penicillamine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is the most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease. From in vitro studies which indicate that one atom of copper combines with two molecules of DL-penicillamine. DL-Penicillamine also reduces excess cystine excretion in cystinuria. This is done, at least in part, by disulfide interchange between DL-penicillamine and cystine, resulting in the formation of penicillamine-cysteine disulfide, a substance that is much more soluble than cysteine and is excreted readily. DL-Penicillamine interferes with the formation of cross-links between tropocollagen molecules and cleaves them when newly formed. The mechanism of action of DL-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis is unknown although it appears to suppress disease activity. Unlike cytotoxic immunosuppressants, DL-penicillamine markedly lowers IgM rheumatoid factor but produces no significant depression in absolute levels of serum immunoglobulins. Also unlike cytotoxic immunosuppressants which act on both, DL-penicillamine in vitro depresses T-cell activity but not B-cell activity.

Azido-PEG1-amine is a PROTAC linker belonging to the PEG class, which can be used to synthesize PROTAC molecules.

Decaethylene glycol (HO-PEG10-OH) is a PROTAC linker belonging to the PEG class and can be used to synthesize PROTAC molecules.