melanogenic

Vinaginsenoside R4 was isolated from the leaves of hydroponically grown ginseng. It inhibits melanin biosynthesis and enhances pigmentation in zebrafish without any cytotoxic effects on melan-a cells. It may have potential as a new skin whitening compound.

Valencene (NSC-148969) is a sesquiterpenoid isolated from Cyperus rotundus and is an aroma component of citrus fruits and citrus-derived odors.ValenceneValencene has anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-melanogenic, and antioxidant activities. Valencene inhibits the overexpression of Th2 chemokines and pro-inflammatory chemokines by blocking the NF-κB pathway.

Raspberry ketone glucoside, a natural compound found in raspberry fruit, exhibits prolonged inhibition of melanogenesis and various melanogenic factors following its degradation in the skin.

Calycosin (Cyclosin) acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Calycosin induces apoptosis in human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells by activating caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins. Calycosin suppresses breast cancer cell growth via ERβ-dependent regulation of IGF-1R, p38 MAPK and PI3K Akt pathways. Calycosin has antineoplastic effects against osteosarcoma through inducing apoptosis showing in vitro and in vivo investigations. Calycosin was shown to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro. Calycosin may be an effective skin-lightening agent that regulates the expression of melanogenic enzymes. Calycosin exhibited tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 38.4 microM.

Piperlonguminine, an alkaloid amide isolated from the Piper species, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neuroprotective, anti-platelet, anti-melanogenic, antifungal, and antibacterial activities. It inhibits Akt mTOR signaling, promotes autophagy, and mediates cancer cell death.

Lyoniresinol, a lignan isolated from Tarenna attenuata, exhibits free radical scavenging activity (IC50 of 82.4 μM) and DPPH antioxidant activity, demonstrating anti-melanogenic properties. It possesses a strong bitter taste, whereas its enantiomer (-)-Lyoniresinol is odorless.

Ergosterol peroxide exhibits anti-cancer, amoebicidal, anticomplementary, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-oxdiant, and anti-melanogenic activities. Ergosterol peroxide could as an anti-atherosclerosis agent, it exhibits hACAT-1 and Lp-PLA2 inhibitory effec

Grossamide K exerts a particularly strong anti-melanogenic activity on the cells without high cell toxicity.