lymphangiography

Isosulfan blue is a blue dye utilized for identifying lymph vessels during lymphangiography and sentinel lymph node biopsies in breast cancer. However, Isosulfan blue may cause allergic reactions during breast cancer operations [1] [2].

Patent Blue V (Acid blue 1), a biological dye, serves as an intraocular stain in retinectomy—surgical removal of the inner limiting membrane (ILM). Its use facilitates the complete excision of premembrane structures in vitreoretinal surgeries. Spectral analysis reveals that Patent Blue V absorbs strongly below 450 nm and above 600 nm, exhibiting a blue-green hue. Additionally, it functions as a tracer in lymphangiography to guide the surgical removal of cancerous lymph nodes [1][2].