fatty desaturation

YTX-465 is an inhibitor of both stearoyl-CoA desaturase(IC50s = 39 nM) and Ole1 (IC50s = 30.4 μM).

Heteroatom-substituted fatty acids have been observed to modulate the extension and desaturating of fatty acids, and to influence their distribution within phospholipids pools. 10-Thiastearic acid inhibits desaturation of radiolabeled stearate to oleate in rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells by more than 80% at a concentration of 25 μM. This activity is associated with a hypolipidemic effect, making this 10-thiastearic acid a useful tool for evaluating new anti-obesity therapeutics.

9(Z),12(Z),15(Z),18(Z),21(Z)-Tetracosapentaenoic acid is an ω-3 very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. It has been used to study the desaturation and elongation of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is elongated to form C26:5 or acted on by δ6 desaturase to form C24:6. 9(Z),12(Z),15(Z),18(Z),21(Z)-Tetracosapentaenoic acid is found at low levels in mouse brain and spleen and levels decrease in the brain and spleen of old and exceptionally old mice.

All-cis-4,7,10,13,16-Docosapentaenoic acid (all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA) methyl ester, also known as Osbond acid, is an isomer of DPA and a more lipid-soluble variant of the free acid, primarily found in fish oils as an ω-3, 22-carbon fatty acid. Despite being an ω-6 fatty acid synthesized through the elongation and desaturation of arachidonic acid, its levels can decrease due to fatty acid desaturase syndrome, potentially impacting development. Additionally, increased expression of hepatic elongation of very long fatty acids protein 6 and elevated levels of very long-chain fatty acids, including all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA, are indicative of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a condition that precedes hepatocellular carcinoma.

Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), a 22-carbon fatty acid primarily found in fish oil, constitutes a minor fraction of the total unsaturated fatty acids in human serum, with concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 1%, which can increase through dietary supplementation. The all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA variant, also known as Austrian acid, represents a specific isomer of DPA and falls into the omega-6 category, synthesized through the elongation and desaturation of arachidonic acid. In conditions such as fatty acid desaturase syndrome, its levels may decrease, potentially influencing development. Furthermore, conditions like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a precursor to hepatocellular carcinoma, are marked by enhanced expression of the hepatic elongase very long fatty acid protein 6 and increased concentrations of very long-chain fatty acids, including all-cis-4,7,10,13,16-DPA.