dna damage

Ciprofloxacin (Bay-09867), a synthetic broad spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic, inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. It is more active against Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria.

Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate (Bay-09867 hydrochloride monohydrate) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic,is an antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections

Phleomycin is one of the anticancer glycopeptide antibiotics which cause DNA cleavage. It is similar to Bleomycin which binds and intercalates DNA to damage the integrity of the double helix.

(-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) is a phenolic antioxidant polyphenol flavonoid found in plants such as green and black tea, which inhibits telomerase and DNA methyltransferase, blocks the activation of EGF receptors and HER-2 receptors, inhibits cellular oxidation, and prevents free radical damage to cells.

Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody for patients with invasive breast cancers that overexpress HER2. Trastuzumab has been clinically used to treat HER2 Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer and HER2 Positive Gastric Cancer.

Oxaliplatin (L-OHP) is a DNA alkylating agent, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Oxaliplatin causes DNA cross-linking damage, preventing DNA replication and transcription and leading to cell death. Oxaliplatin induces autophagy.

Niraparib (MK-4827) is a PARP inhibitor that selectively targets PARP1 and PARP2 (IC50=3.8 2.1 nM), exhibiting antitumor activity, inhibiting DNA damage repair, and inducing apoptosis.

Amifostine (Ethyol) anhydrous is a cytoprotective agent, acts as a free radical scavenging activity.

Cisplatin (CDDP) is a DNA cross-linking agent. Cisplatin has antitumor activity and inhibits DNA synthesis by forming DNA adducts in cancer cells. Cisplatin also activates ferroptosis and induces autophagy.

AOH1996 is an orally active ligand for the replicasome component PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), targeting the transcription-replication conflict (TRC). It interferes with the interaction of PCNA with its binding proteins, leading to DNA replication stress and apoptosis. AOH1996 causes proteasome-dependent rpb1 degradation and lethal DNA damage by stabilizing the interaction between PCNA and RNA polymerase II, and acts synergistically with DNA damaging agents to inhibit tumor cell growth.

Talazoparib (LT-673) is a new-type PARP inhibitor (IC50: 0.58 nM), It similarly binds to PARP1 2 (Kis: 1.2 0.85 nM).

Anticancer agent 110 is an anticancer compound with cytotoxic, antitumor, and antileukemic activity that triggers DNA damage and apoptosis and is used in the study of chronic granulocytic leukemia.

ZNL 02-096 (Pomalidomide-C3-adavosertib) is a rapid and selective degrader of Wee1 (IC50=3.58 nM).ZNL 02-096 selectively degrades Wee1 at submolar concentrations without damaging PLK1, a secondary target of AZD 1775.ZNL 02-096 induces degradation of Wee1 and accumulation of DNA damage in MOLT-4 cells in vitro, In vitro in MOLT-4 cells, ZNL 02-096 induced Wee1 degradation, accumulation of DNA damage, cell cycle arrest in G2 M phase and apoptosis.ZNL 02-096 showed anti-proliferative effects in 300 cancer cell lines.

(-)-Anonaine can be extracted from several species of Magnoliaceae and Annelidae and has antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, antidepressant and vasodilatory activities. (-)-Anonaine induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, induces DNA damage and inhibits the growth and migration of human lung cancer h1299 cells through Bax and caspase-dependent pathways.

SSK1 is a compound that selectively kills senescent cells and is a precursor for β-galactosidase, which can reduce the inflammatory response of the body. SSK1 can activate the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and MKK3 MKK6 in senescent cells, and promote mitochondrial DNA damage in senescent cells.

DNA polymerase-IN-1, a DNA polymerase inhibitor, exhibited antiproliferative activity against tumor cells with a half-inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 20.7 μM. DNA polymerase-IN-1 inhibited Taq DNA polymerase with an IC50 of less than 250 μM. DNA polymerase-IN-1 was shown to inhibit Taq DNA polymerase by RT- DNA polymerase-IN-1 showed antiretroviral activity in vitro by RT-PCR assay and can be used to study oxidative damage and colorectal cancer.

NSC-697923 (2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]-5-nitrofuran), a potent inhibitor of UBE2N (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N, Ubc13), exhibits its role in inducing cell death in neuroblastoma (NB) cells through two distinct mechanisms. In p53 wild-type NB cells, NSC-697923 promotes the nuclear importation of p53, thereby triggering cell death. Meanwhile, in p53 mutant NB cells, NSC-697923 activates the JNK-mediated apoptotic pathway, leading to cell death. Additionally, NSC-697923 inhibits DNA damage and NF-κB signaling, further contributing to its antitumor activity.

L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt monohydrate (MSG monohydrate) is an important food additive with gastrointestinal protective effects. It plays a critical role in nutrient metabolism, energy demand, immune response, oxidative stress, signal transduction, and synaptic transmission. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt monohydrate can induce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in mouse liver and brain tissues. It can protect against gastrointestinal damage caused by NSAIDs and Helicobacter pylori through multiple mechanisms.

Bendamustine hydrochloride (EP-3101) (IC50 of 50 μM) is an alkylating agent associated with DNA damage.

Nerolidol acetate is a natural sesquiterpene with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-insect activities. Nerolidol acetate can inhibit parasite activity and inhibit schistosomiasis, nematodes, malaria, etc. Nerolidol acetate protects cells from oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, and has a protective effect on mouse hippocampal nerve cells.

2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate (Guanine-2'-deoxyriboside) is a nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose. It is like guanosine, but with one oxygen atom removed. It is a nucleoside component of DNA. 2'-Deoxyguanosine monohydrate can be converted to 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) due to hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. 8-OHdG is a sensitive marker of the DNA damage This damage, if left unrepaired, has been proposed to contribute to mutagenicity and cancer promotion.

4-aminobenzoic acid is an organic acid with UV-absorbing and antifibrotic properties. When exposed to light, 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs UV light and releases excess energy through a photochemical reaction, which may cause DNA damage.4-aminobenzoic acid also increases oxygen uptake at the tissue level and may enhance monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity to promote serotonin degradation, which in excess may lead to fibrotic Changes.

Niraparib, also know as MK-4827, is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) with potential antineoplastic activity. MK4827 inhibits PARP activity, enhancing the accumulation of DNA strand breaks and promoting genomic instability and apoptosis. The PARP family of proteins detect and repair single strand DNA breaks by the base-excision repair (BER) pathway.

Procarbazine hydrochloride (NSC-77213 HCl) is the hydrochloride salt of a methylhydrazine derivative with antineoplastic and mutagenic activities. Although the exact mode of cytotoxicity has not been elucidated, procarbazine, after metabolic activation, appears to inhibit the trans-methylation of methionine into transfer RNA (t-RNA), thereby preventing protein synthesis and consequently DNA and RNA synthesis. This agent may also undergo auto-oxidation, resulting in the formation of cytotoxic free radicals which damage DNA through an alkylation reaction.