ampk-in-5

AMPK-IN-5 (compound 7m) is a derivative of osthole that inhibits MAPK signaling by blocking the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, thereby suppressing the release of inflammatory cytokines. AMPK-IN-5 can reduce ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium and acute lung injury induced by LPS.

1. Berberine (Umbellatine) is a potent oral hypoglycemic agent with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism. 2. Berberine may as a broad-spectrum anti-microbial medicine, a complementary therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS. 3. Berberine seems to act as an herbal antidepressant and a neuroprotector against neurodegenerative disorders. 4. Berberine is used in histology for staining heparin in mast cells. As a natural dye, berberine has a colour index of 7516. 5. Berberine reduces hepatic fat content in rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; also prevents proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are central for the development of fibrosis during liver injury. 6. Berberine can ameliorate proinflammatory cytokines-induced intestinal epithelial tight junction damage in vitro, and berberine may be one of the targeted therapeutic agents that can restore barrier function in intestinal disease states. 7. Berberine has antineoplastic effects, including breast cancer, leukemia, melanoma, epidermoid carcinoma, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, oral carcinoma, tongue carcinoma, glioblastoma, prostate carcinoma and gastric carcinoma, etc.

Ajoene is a disulfide that has been found inA. sativumand has diverse biological activities, including antibacterial, anticancer, antiplatelet, and antioxidant properties.1,2,3,4It is active against Gram-positive (MICs = 5-160 µg/ml) and Gram-negative bacteria (MICs = 136-200 µg/ml), as well as yeasts (MICs = 10-20 µg/ml).1Ajoene is cytotoxic to mouse melanoma cells (IC50= 18 µM), as well as human colon, lung, mammary, and pancreatic cancer cells (IC50s = 7-41 µM).2It reduces tumor growth in a B16/BL6 mouse model of melanoma when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg every other day and decreases the number of lung metastases when administered prior to tumor cell inoculation at doses ranging from 1-25 mg/kg. It inhibits ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in isolated baboon platelets when used at concentrations ranging from 75 to 150 µg/ml and in platelet-rich plasma isolated from baboons when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg.3Ajoene (25 mg/kg) prevents thrombus formation on damaged arterial walls in heparinized pigs in anin situmodel of thrombogenesis.5It also reduces high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, histopathological markers of liver damage, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) formation, and protein oxidation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).4 1.Naganawa, R., Iwata, N., Ishikawa, K., et al.Inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlicAppl. Environ. Microbiol.62(11)4238-4242(1996) 2.Taylor, P., Noriega, R., Farah, C., et al.Ajoene inhibits both primary tumor growth and metastasis of B16/BL6 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 miceCancer Lett.239(2)298-304(2006) 3.Teranishi, K., Apitz-Castro, R., Robson, S.C., et al.Inhibition of baboon platelet aggregation in vitro and in vivo by the garlic derivative, ajoeneXenotransplantation10(4)374-379(2003) 4.Han, C.Y., Ki, S.H., Kim, Y.W., et al.Ajoene, a stable garlic by-product, inhibits high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through LKB1-dependent AMPK activationAntioxid. Redox Signal.14(2)187-202(2011) 5.Apitz-Castro, R., Badimon, J.J., and Badimon, L.A garlic derivative, ajoene, inhibits platelet deposition on severely damaged vessel wall in an in vivo porcine experimental modelThromb. Res.75(3)243-249(1994)

Sesamol (1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ol) could decrease lung inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in rats. Sesamol ameliorates inflammatory and oxidative damage by upregulating AMPK activation and Nrf2 signaling and blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and inhibits melanin biosynthesis by down-regulating tyrosinase activity and melanin production via regulation of gene expression of melanogenesis-related proteins through modulation of MITF activity, which promotes phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in melan-a cells.

1. Demethoxycurcumin (Desmethoxycurcumin) has antioxidant activity. 2. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-inflammatory activity. 3. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-proliferative activity. 4. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-acanthamoebic effect. 5. Demethoxycurcumin is a potential additive natural product in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in drug-resistant cancers. 6. Demethoxycurcumin inhibits energy metabolic and oncogenic signaling pathways through AMPK activation in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Theobromine-d6 is intended for use as an internal standard for the quantification of theobromine by GC- or LC-MS. Theobromine is a methylxanthine alkaloid and derivative of caffeine that has been found in cocoa beans and has diverse biological activities. It is an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist. Theobromine increases AMPK phosphorylation and inhibits adipocyte differentiation, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and IL-6 and TNF-α production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cultured in differentiation medium. It inhibits decreases in renal cortex SIRT1 activity and increases in NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as reduces kidney hypertrophy and albuminuria in a spontaneously hypertensive rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes when administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg per day.3 Theobromine is toxic to dogs with an LD50 value of 250 to 500 mg/kg.

Demethoxy Curcumin-d4 is a deuterated compound of Demethoxy Curcumin. Demethoxy Curcumin has a CAS number of 22608-11-3. 1. Demethoxycurcumin has antioxidant activity. 2. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-inflammatory activity. 3. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-proliferative activity. 4. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-acanthamoebic effect. 5. Demethoxycurcumin is a potential additive natural product in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in drug-resistant cancers. 6. Demethoxycurcumin inhibits energy metabolic and oncogenic signaling pathways through AMPK activation in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Demethoxycurcumin (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Demethoxycurcumin. 1. Demethoxycurcumin (Desmethoxycurcumin) has antioxidant activity. 2. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-inflammatory activity. 3. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-proliferative activity. 4. Demethoxycurcumin has anti-acanthamoebic effect. 5. Demethoxycurcumin is a potential additive natural product in combination with chemotherapeutic agents in drug-resistant cancers. 6. Demethoxycurcumin inhibits energy metabolic and oncogenic signaling pathways through AMPK activation in triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Pinosylvin (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Pinosylvin. Pinosylvin (5-Styrylresorcinol) induces autophagy via AMPK activation. Pinosylvin is likely to act as a pro-angiogenic factor.

Sesamol (Standard) is a reference standard for research and analysis in studies involving Sesamol. Sesamol (1,3-Benzodioxol-5-ol) could decrease lung inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury in rats. Sesamol ameliorates inflammatory and oxidative damage by upregulating AMPK activation and Nrf2 signaling and blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and inhibits melanin biosynthesis by down-regulating tyrosinase activity and melanin production via regulation of gene expression of melanogenesis-related proteins through modulation of MITF activity, which promotes phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in melan-a cells.