19-hydroxy cholesterol

19-hydroxy Cholesterol is an oxysterol and an internal standard for quantitative measurement of sterols by capillary gas chromatography. It can promote atherosclerosis. Frozen storage and grilling of Atlantic cod fillets (Merluccius hubbsi) can promote the increase of 19-Hydroxy cholesterol content.

Gefitinib (ZD1839) is an EGFR first-generation inhibitor with oral activity that inhibits the EGFR 19 Del and L858R mutations. Gefitinib has antitumor activity and is used for the treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancers. Gefitinib administration RESULTS in the development of the EGFR C797S resistance mutation.

Ruxolitinib (INCB018424) is a JAK1 2 inhibitor (IC50=3.3 2.8 nM) that is potent and selective. Rixolitinib exhibits antitumor activity and induces autophagy and apoptosis.

Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid receptor agonist and IL receptor modulator with anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and apoptosis-inducing activities. It inhibits the production of inflammatory miRNA-155 exosomes in macrophages, significantly reduces inflammatory cytokine expression in neutrophils and monocytes, suppresses LPS-induced macrophage inflammation, and induces autophagy. It is commonly used to induce animal models of depression, muscle atrophy, and hypertension, and holds potential in COVID-19 research.

Deferoxamine (Desferrioxamine B) is an iron chelator. Deferoxamine can be used to reduce the accumulation and deposition of iron in tissues. Deferoxamine can improve neurological dysfunction by inhibiting ferroptosis and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury. It has antioxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-tumor activities, and can induce the production of HIF-1α, apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. It can be used to treat acute iron toxicity and COVID-19 related diseases.

Deucravacitinib (BMS-986165) is a highly selective, orally bioavailable, allosteric TYK2 inhibitor for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. It blocks receptor-mediated Tyk2 activation by stabilizing the regulatory JH2 domain, inhibiting IL-12 23 and type I IFN pathways. It selectively binds to the TYK2 pseudokinase (JH2) domain with an IC50 of 1.0 nM.

Denifanstat (FASN-IN-2) is a fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor (IC50=0.052 μM, EC50=0.072 μM) with selective and oral activity. Denifanstat has been used in studies of steatohepatitis.

Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFOM) is an iron chelator and ferroptosis inhibitor. Deferoxamine Mesylate binds free iron into a stable complex and reduces iron accumulation. Deferoxamine Mesylate up-regulates HIF-1α levels and induces apoptosis.

3-Methyladenine (3-MA) is a PI3K inhibitor that selectively inhibits class IB PI3Kγ (IC50 = 60 μM) and class III VPS34 (IC50 = 25 μM). 3-Methyladenine inhibits autophagy.

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) provides cellular energy, participates in overall energy balance, and maintains intracellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule through interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a variety of processes including neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodeling.

Osimertinib (AZD-9291) is an EGFR third-generation inhibitor that inhibits the T790M resistance mutation produced by second-generation EGFR inhibitors with irreversible and oral activity. Osimertinib has antitumor activity for the treatment of EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer.

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

Chloroquine is a Toll-like receptor inhibitor that inhibits autophagy. Chloroquine has anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activity and is widely used in the treatment of malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Chloroquine also has anti-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) activity and anti-HIV-1 activity.

Proteinase K (Protease K) is a non-specific serine protease that can tolerate changes in SDS, urea, pH (4-12), salt concentration, and temperature. Proteinase K hydrolyzes a wide range of peptide bonds and is used for protein digestion.

ALC-0315 is an ionizable amino lipid that has been used in combination with other lipids to form lipid nanoparticles. Lipid-Nanoparticles have been used in the research of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

SM-102 is the only ionizable amino cationic lipid currently clinically approved for RNA therapeutics and can be used to synthesize lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). It shows potential in the development of LNPs for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines.

Tocilizumab (Anti-Human IL6R) is a neutralizing antibody against human interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) that blocks the binding of IL-6 to IL-6R, thereby inhibiting both classical and trans signaling. It can be used to study rheumatoid arthritis and has been suggested as a possible drug for the treatment of severe COVID-19.

Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Acetate (2023788-19-2 free base) is a new molecule that can control blood glucose levels by combining dual agonism of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors.[3]

Tirzepatide sodium salt (LY3298176 sodium salt) is a GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist with neuroprotective activity and can be used to treat obesity.

Antitumor agent-19 is a modulator of tumor-associated macrophages with EC50s of 17.18 μM and 18.87 μM in the RAW 264.7 cells and the BMDM cells.

Asperphenamate is a fungal metabolite of Aspergillus flatiipes. The IC50s for T47D cells, MDA-MB-231 cells, and HL-60 cells are 92.3 μM, 96.5 μM, and 97.9 μM. Asperphenamate shows an anticancer effect.

Sigma-LIGAND-1 is a selective Sigma Receptor ligand with IC50 values of 16 nM and 19 nM at the DTG site and the PPP site, respectively, and a Ki of 4000 nM at the dopamine D2 receptor.

Aleglitazar (R1439) (R1439) is a potent dual PPARα γ agonist, with IC50s of 38 nM and 19 nM for human PPARa and PPARγ, respectively. Aleglitazar can be used for the research of type II diabetes.