sweet

Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate (Glycyrrhizin) , an extensively used anti-inflammatory agent, is isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolized to glycyrrhetinic acid, which inhibits 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, the main and sweet component of licorice, has been studied for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with potassium loss and sodium retention, edema, increased blood pressure, as well as inhibited the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

meso-Erythritol (Phycitol) is a four-carbon sugar that is found in algae, fungi, and lichens. It is twice as sweet as sucrose and can be used as a coronary vasodilator.

Xylitol (Ribitol) is a five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.

Umbelliferone (7-Hydroxycoumarin) is found in anise. Umbelliferone occurs widely in plants including Angelica species Phytoalexin of infected sweet potat. It has been reported to have antioxidant properties.

Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is a borneol and camphor tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as fats and oils, herbs and spices, pomegranate, and sweet orange. Derivatives of Xanthoxylin have antispasmodic activity.

Dihydroactinidiolide (R-(-)Dihydro actinidiolide)is avolatileterpene. It has a sweet,tea-likeodorand is used as a fragrance.

δ-Decalactone is found in nonfat dry milks and fruits and with a sweet taste.

N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine (NAG) is a monosaccharide derivative of glucose. It is released by the action of O-GlcNAcase, in mammalian systems from proteins that have been post-translationally modified with O-GlcNAc.

(±)-Leucine (DL-2-Aminmo-4-methylvalerianic acid) can be found in Green bell peppers, Green zucchinis, Italian sweet red peppers, and Red bell peppers.

D-(+)-Xylose (Wood sugar) is an aldopentose - a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms and an aldehyde functional group. It has chemical formula C5H10O5 and is 40% as sweet as sucrose. Xylose is also found in mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue and sometimes in the urine. Xylose is the first sugar added to serine or threonine residues during proteoglycan type O-glycosylation. Therefore xylose is involved in the biosythetic pathways of most anionic polysaccharides such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate. In medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administering a xylose solution to the patient after fasting. If xylose is detected in the blood and or urine within the next few hours, it has been absorbed by the intestines. Xylose is said to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition, the others being galactose, glucose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and sialic acid. . Xylose in the urine is a biomarker for the consumption of apples and other fruits.

Arabinose (DL-Arabinose), also known as (+ -)-arabinose or aloe sugar. Arabinose has been primarily detected in feces. Within the cell, Arabinose is primarily located in the cytoplasm. Arabinose exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Outside of the human body, Arabinose can be found in sweet basil and tamarind.

L-Arabinitol (L-(-)-Arabitol) is a potential biomarker for the comsuption of the food products such as sweet potato, deerberry, moth bean. L-Arabinitol is associated with Alzheimer's disease and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency.

(E)-2-Methyl-2-pentenoic acid, characterized by its sweet berry-like aroma and flavor, is widely utilized in food flavoring.

Scoparone (Aesculetin dimethyl ether) can be found in a number of food items such as sweet orange, wild celery, mandarin orange (clementine, tangerine), and lemon. It is found in the Chinese herb Artemisia scoparia and has been studied for its potential pharmacological properties including immunosuppression and vasorelaxation. Scoparone is found in anise. Scoparone is found in several citrus oils.

Dicoumarol (Dicumarol) is a hydroxycoumarin originally isolated from molding sweet-clover hay, with anticoagulant and vitamin K depletion activities. Dicoumarol is a competitive inhibitor of vitamin K epoxidereductase; thus, it inhibits vitamin K recycling and causes depletion of active vitamin K in blood. This prevents the formation of the active form of prothrombin and several other coagulant enzymes, and inhibits blood clotting.

Apioglycyrrhizin is a sweet oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycoside; isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza inflata.

11-oxo-mogroside V (11-oxo Mogroside V) is a sweet tasting cucurbitane glycoside derivative of mogroside V. It has antioxidant effects against both O2- and OH- and prevents OH-induced DNA damage.

Mogrosides IV is a sweet minor cucurbitane glycoside, it exhibits maltase inhibitory effect(IC50 : 10 mM), and with antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticancer activities.

Stachydrine (N,N-Dimethyl-L-proline) is a major constituent of Chinese herb leonurus heterophyllus sweet used to promote blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Stachydrine (N,N-Dimethyl-L-proline) can inhibit the NF-κB signal pathway. Stachydrine (N,N-Dimethyl-L-proline) is a biomarker for the consumption of citrus fruits.

Dulcitol is a sugar alcohol and slightly sweet tastant for human taste cells.

Notrilobolide, an alkaloid with insecticidal properties, is isolated from sweet potatoes and impedes larval development in pests such as Tribolium castaneum. It disrupts the digestion and reproduction of insects by reducing their fecundity [1].

Glycyrrhizin-6''-methylester (compound 22), isolated from licorice root, functions as an aglycone to form methyl glucuronate, imparting a sweet, licorice flavor without bitterness. The free carboxyl group on the cone-bound glucuronic acid moiety is critical in contributing to the compound's natural sweetness and licorice taste [1].

Cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, the predominant anthocyanin in purple-fleshed sweet potato, influences the tuber's antioxidant activity [1].

13-Hydroxylupanine, a characteristic alkaloid of sweet lupins, inhibits ganglionic transmission, reduces cardiac contractility, and induces contraction of uterine smooth muscle [1].