spasm

1,3,5,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone (Desmethylbellidifolin) is a natural xanthone extracted from Gentianella acuta, exhibiting antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory activities. Dimethylbellidifolin shows mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA98, TA97, and TA2637 by the preincubation method and significantly inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at a dose of 200 µg/disk.

Bronchospasmolytic agent 1 is a flutropium bromide compound and acts as a bronchospasmolytic agent.

Prospasmine is an anticholinergic.

Doxofylline (Doxophylline) is a methylxanthine derivative with the presence of a dioxolane group in position 7. As a drug used in the treatment of asthma, doxofylline has shown similar efficacy to theophylline but with significantly fewer side effects in animal and human studies.

Flavoxate hydrochloride (DW61) , a muscarinic AChR antagonist, is used in the therapy of various urinary syndromes and as an antispasmodic.

Zolmitriptan (311C90) selectively binds to and activates serotonin (5-HT) 1B receptors expressed in intracranial arteries and 5-HT 1D receptors located on peripheral trigeminal sensory nerve terminals in the meninges and central terminals in brainstem sensory nuclei. Zolmitriptan is a member of the triptan class of agents with anti-migraine properties. Receptor binding results in constriction of cranial vessels, reduction of vessel pulsation and inhibition of nociceptive transmission, thereby providing relief of migraine headaches. Zolmitriptan may also relieve migraine headaches by inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.

Trospium chloride (Spasmex) is an antispasmodic and anticholinergic agent used to treat urinary incontinence and overactive bladder syndrome. Trospium chloride has not been implicated in causing liver enzyme elevations or clinically apparent acute liver injury.

Xanthoxylin (Xanthoxyline) is a borneol and camphor tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as fats and oils, herbs and spices, pomegranate, and sweet orange. Derivatives of Xanthoxylin have antispasmodic activity.

Prifinium bromide is a quaternary ammon antimuscarinic. It inhibits hyperkinesia of the digestive organs and urinary tract and has a spasmolytic action.

Dicyclomine hydrochloride is a muscarinic antagonist used as an antispasmodic and in urinary incontinence.

Ascomycin (Immunomycin)(Immunomycin, FR-900520, FK520) is an ethyl analog of tacrolimus (FK506) with strong immunosuppressant properties.

Eprazinone dihydrochloride (NSC 317935) is a mucolytic with antitussive and mucolytic effect.

Bietamiverine(Paparid) is a biochemical spasmodic drug.

Oxyphenonium bromide (Oxyfenon) shows anticholinergic activity and can be used for research on the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers and for the relief of visceral spasms.

Propiverine is a widely used antimuscarinic drug with a mixed mode of action in the treatment of symptoms associated with overactive bladder (OAB).

Fenoverine (Spasmopriv) is a novel smooth muscle motor synchronizer with anti-spasmodic activity that inhibits fast and slow Ca2+ channel currents in a concentration-dependent manner and can be used to study gastrointestinal spasms.

1. Vitexin has antinociceptive and antispasmodic activities. 2. Vitexin exhibits a prominent first-pass effect. 3. Vitexin has antioxidant, antimyeloperoxidase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. 4. Vitexin can either inhibit or induce activities of

Fenamidone is a foliar fungicide used on grapes, ornamentals, potatoes, tobacco, and vegetables. It exerts its fungicidal effects by acting as a Qo inhibitor.

Henryoside is a natural product isolated from the herbs of Alangium chinense.

Aviptadil Acetate (Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide acetate salt) induces pulmonary vasodilation and inhibits the proliferation of vascular SMCs and platelet aggregation. Avitadil acetate can be used for research on pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension (PAH), and respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2.

LysoPC(14:0/0:0) is a lysophospholipid (LyP) and mono-glycerophospholipid.

Nicardipine hydrochloride (YC-93 Hydrochloride) is the hydrochloride salt form of nicardipine, a synthetic derivative of nitrophenyl-pyridine and potent calcium channel blocker, Nicardipine (Nifedipine Family) blocks calcium ions from certain cell walls and inhibits contraction of coronary and peripheral arteries, resulting in lowered oxygen requirements for heart muscle and decreased arterial contraction and spasm. It is used clinically as a cerebral and coronary vasodilator.

Orphenadrine hydrochloride (Mephenamin) is a muscarinic antagonist used to treat drug-induced parkinsonism and to relieve pain from muscle spasm.

Methocarbamol (AHR 85) is a centrally acting muscle relaxant whose mode of action has not been established. It is used as an adjunct in the symptomatic treatment of musculoskeletal conditions associated with painful muscle spasm.