mucosal protection

Rebamipide (OPC12759) is a quinolinone derivative with anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities. Rebamipide induces cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) synthesis which results in an increase in endogenous prostaglandin synthesis in the gastric mucosa. This agent also inhibits H. pylori-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and subsequent inflammation of the gastric mucosa. In addition, rebamipide scavenges oxygen-derived free radicals that potentially cause mucosal injury, and stimulates prostaglandin EP4 receptor gene expression followed by mucous secretion, thereby enhancing the gastric mucosal defense.

Rioprostil is a methyl prostaglandin E1 analog that decreases gastric acid secretion and enhances the gastric mucus-bicarbonate barrier. It is effective in the treatment of gastric ulcers and gives significant protection against NSAID-induced gastric muco

Mezolidon (KM-1146) is a compound with anti-ulcer activity that operates by strengthening the defensive mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. It achieves this, in part, by enhancing and sustaining blood flow to the gastric mucosa and by safeguarding the gastric mucosal potential difference. Mezolidon is applicable in research focused on gastric mucosal protection.

Resolvin D4 (RvD4) is a specialized pro-resolving mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid . [1] It has been detected in human milk, in the dorsal pouch of mice before and after infection with S. aureus, and in untreated tissues from humans, mice, and sardines.[2][3] RvD4, at 10 ng mouse, reduces neutrophil infiltration in zymosan A-induced peritonitis and, at 200 ng mouse, diminishes neutrophil infiltration in response to S. aureus infection. [3] With isolated cells, RvD4 promotes phagocytosis of bacteria, opsonized zymosan A, and apoptotic neutrophils by human macrophages.[3] It also promotes the clearance of apoptotic neutrophils by human fibroblasts.[3] Reference:[1]. Serhan, C.N., and Savill, J. Resolution of inflammation: The beginning programs the end. Nature Immunology 6(12), 1191-1197 (2005).[2]. Arnardottir, H., Orr, S.K., Dalli, J., et al. Human milk proresolving mediators stimulate resolution of acute inflammation. Mucosal. Immunol. 9(3), 757-766 (2016).[3]. Winkler, J.W., Orr, S.K., Dalli, J., et al. Resolvin D4 stereoassignment and its novel actions in host protection and bacterial clearance. Sci.Rep. 6, (2016).