hydrogen sulfide-releasing

Desmethylanethol trithione (ADT-OH) is a derivative of anethole dithiolethione (ADT) and synthetic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. In the in vitro glucose-oxygen deprivation (OGD) model, Desmethylanethol trithione markedly attenuated tPA-enhanced Akt activation and VEGF expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells. Finally, Desmethylanethol trithione improved functional outcomes in mice subjected to MCAO and tPA infusion. H2S donors reduced tPA-induced cerebral hemorrhage by possibly inhibiting the Akt-VEGF-MMP9 cascade. Administration of H2S donors has potential as a novel modality to improve the safety of tPA following the stroke.

FW1256 is a phenyl analog. It also a slow-releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor. FW1256 inhibits NF-κB activity and causes cell apoptosis. FW1256 shows potent anti-inflammatory effects. It also has the potential for cancer and cardiovascular disease trea

ATB-429 is a mesalazine derivative capable of releasing H2S, demonstrating significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in an irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model. By releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ATB-429 modulates hypersensitivity induced by colorectal distension in healthy and post-colitis rats. It alleviates abdominal withdrawal responses and inhibits spinal c-Fos mRNA expression, indicating its potential to relieve pain associated with gastrointestinal inflammation. Furthermore, ATB-429 downregulates mRNA expression of colonic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and IL-1β, an effect not observed with mesalazine alone. The mechanism involves ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, evidenced by the reversal of ATB-429's effects with glibenclamide. These findings suggest that ATB-429 may offer therapeutic benefits for treating inflammatory pain-related bowel conditions.

AP39 is a compound used to increase hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels within mitochondria; it consists of a mitochondria-targeting motif (triphenylphosphonium) coupled to an H2S-donating moiety (dithiolethione) by an aliphatic linker. AP219, as a control compound for AP39, contains the triphenylphosphonium scaffold but lacks the H2S-releasing portion.

ATB-346, (S)-, is the S form of ATB-346. ATB-346 is a novel hydrogen sulfide-releasing anti-inflammatory drug which induces apoptosis of human melanoma cells and inhibits melanoma development in vivo.