colonization

Cinnamoylglycine, a glycine conjugate of cinnamic acid and a urinary metabolite in humans, is used as a potential urinary biomarker.

V-161 is an orally active Na+-V-ATPase inhibitor with an IC50 of 144 nM. Under alkaline conditions, V-161 inhibits Enterococcus hirae and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE), with MIC values of 4 µg mL for both. Additionally, V-161 can inhibit the colonization of VRE in the mouse small intestine.

3'3'-cGAMP is a second messenger produced in bacteria by specific dinucleotide cyclases. It contains canonical 3'5'-phosphodiester bonds and regulates chemotaxis, colonization, and other cellular functions. 3'3'-cGAMP shows weaker binding to the adapter protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING; Kd = 1.04 μM) than 2'2'-cGAMP and 2'3'-cGAMP but has similar binding affinity to 3'2'-cGAMP (Kd = 1.61 μM) and cyclic di-GMP . 3'3'-cGAMP induces IFN-β mRNA expression in L929 cells (EC50 = 40.5 nM).

JMS-17-2 hydrochloride, a highly potent and selective CX3CR1 antagonist with an IC 50 value of 0.32 nM, effectively impedes the metastatic seeding and colonization process of breast cancer cells.

1. Deoxyshikonin (Arnebin 7) may be a new drug candidate for wound healing and treatment of lymphatic diseases. 2. Deoxyshikonin enhances the ability of human dermal lymphatic microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-dLy) to undergo time-dependent in vitro cord formation. 3. Deoxyshikonin and dodecyl gallate show significantly synergic antimicrobial activity with penicillin in vivo and in vitro, and can effectively reduce nasopharyngeal and lung colonization caused by different penicillin-resistant pneumococcal serotypes.

hCAIX-IN-8 (compound 7i) is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of hCAIX with an IC50 value of 0.024 μM, and also inhibits CAII and CAVA with IC50 values of 1.99 μM and 1.10 μM, respectively. It exhibits anti-proliferative effects, low toxicity, reduces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions, promotes apoptosis, and inhibits cell migration and colonization potential [1].

Lugdunin is an antibiotic peptide that disrupts membrane potential in bacteria, demonstrating activity against Gram-positive species including S. aureus, and effectively reducing skin and nasal colonization of this pathogen. Moreover, Lugdunin stimulates the production of LL-37 and CXCL8 MIP-2 in human keratinocytes and mouse skin [1].

COX-2-IN-43 (Compound MYM4) functions as a selective COX-2 inhibitor, exhibiting IC50 values of 0.983 μM for COX-1 and 0.247 μM for COX-2. It effectively inhibits cancer cell proliferation and colonization and also induces apoptosis [1].

Neosartoricin B, a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergilus nidulans, may mediate immunomodulatory interactions with the host during the infection and colonization processes of pathogenic fungi.

The Staphylococcus aureus transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA) anchors virulence and colonization-associated surface proteins to the cell wall. SrtA selectively recognizes a C-terminal LPXTG motif. SrtA readily reacts with its native substrate Abz-LPETG-Dap(DN