adenosine kinase

Adenosine kinase(ADK) belongs to the family of transferases. Adenosine kinase (ADK) is the key enzyme in adenosine metabolism and catalyzes ATP and adenosine into two products: ADP and AMP. Two isoforms of the enzyme adenosine kinase (ADK), which differ at their N-terminal ends, are found in mammalian cells. It has been shown that the two ADK isoforms differ only in their first exons and the promoter regions; hence they arise via differential splicing of their first exons with the other exons common to both isoforms. In adult brain, ADK is primarily present in astrocytes. Several lines of experimental evidence support a critical role of ADK in different types of brain injury associated with astrogliosis, which is also a prominent morphologic feature of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). It has been suggested that dysregulation of ADK in astrocytes is a common pathologic hallmark of TLE. Moreover, in vitro data suggest the existence of an additional layer of modulatory crosstalk between the astrocyte-based adenosine cycle and inflammation. ADK also contributes to CK homeostasis in vivo.

CKM, also known as CK-MM, is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle. As the primary CK isoenzyme, it also can be detected in heart muscle. CKM is a subunit of creatine kinase (CK). CK is an enzyme expressed by various tissues and cell types. It catalyses the conversion of creatine and consumes adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In the cells, the cytosolic CK enzymes consist of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type).