Methylene Blue

Methylene Blue (Tetramethylthionine chloride) (IC50 of 1.9 μM) inhibits tau filament formation. And it inhibits soluble guanylyl cyclase. It is also used as a dye in chromoendoscopy.

Methylene Blue trihydrate (Basic blue 9) is a compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene Blue trihydrate is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits soluble guanylyl cyclase and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of methemoglobin. It also inhibits tau filament formation (IC50: 1.9μM).

Acetyl methylene blue can be utilized in the synthesis of mitochondrial biogenesis stimulators, which are applicable in treating ocular diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal cells.

Leucomethylene blue mesylate (TRx0237 mesylate) is a second-generation tau protein aggregation inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia.

1,9-Dimethylmethylene blue is a fluorescent dye used for the detection of chondroitin sulfate.

Azure B (Azure B chloride) is a cationic dye and the major metabolite of Methylene blue. Azure B is a selective, and reversible inhibitor of MAO-A (IC50s: 11 and 968 nM for recombinant human MAO-A and MAO-B).

Coelenteramine 400a (Coelenterazine 400a), a Coelenterazine derivative, serves as a substrate for Renilla luciferase (RLuc), facilitating the emission of blue light at 395 nm [1] [2]. This compound alters the bioluminescence color of RLuc by substituting the sulfur and oxygen heteroatoms in the methylene bridge. Coelenteramine 400a enhances signal resolution, proving useful in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) research [3].

Azure A (chloride), a phenothiazine dye, is produced through the oxidation of methylene blue and exhibits strong metachromatic properties. This compound is useful in studying stains and serves as a redox medium in electrochemical biosensing applications [1] [2].

Azure C, the product of sequential enzymatic oxidation of Methylene blue (MB) or Azure B (AB), serves as the substrate of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [1] [2].