8(9)-ee-14e

Capsaicin ((E)-Capsaicin) is a natural product extracted from Capsicum annuum, and is a TRPV1 agonist (EC50=0.29 μM). Capsaicin has antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities.

Palmatine chloride an isoquinoline alkaloid, is an important medicinal herbal extract with diverse pharmacological and biological properties.

Citronellol ((±)-β-Citronellol) is used in insect repellents and perfumes and as a mite attractant.

Valproic Acid (2-Propylpentanoic Acid) is an HDAC inhibitor that inhibits HDAC1 activity, induces HDAC2 degradation, and is orally active. Valproic Acid can be used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder research.

1-Methoxycarbonyl-β-carboline (1-Methoxycarbonyl-beta-carboline) is an alkaloid from Ailanthus altissima.

6-Methoxynaringenin is an aerial part of Scutellaria barbata D. Don (Lamiaceae) and inhibits NO production efficiently with an IC50 value of 25.8 μM.

Terpineol possesses antifungal activity against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, it also exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. α-Terpineol (Terpineol) shows anticonvulsant, and anti-inflammatory activities, it inhibits the gene expression of the IL-6 receptor.

Isopulegol has antioxidant, and neuroactive properties. It also has gastroprotective effects induced by isopulegol appear to be mediated, at least in part, by endogenous prostaglandins, K+ATP channel opening and antioxidant proprieties related to GSH incr

18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (Enoxolone) is the major bioactive component of Glycyrrhizae Radix and possesses anti-ulcerative, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties.

Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine derivative, is a nucleobase essential in biochemistry, participating in cellular respiration through ATP, NAD, and FAD, and in protein synthesis as a component of DNA and RNA.

Uracil is a common naturally occurring pyrimidine found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine and is replaced by thymine in DNA. Methylation of uracil produces thymine. Uracil's use in the body is to help carry out the synthesis of many enzymes necessary for cell function through bonding with riboses and phosphates. Uracil serves as allosteric regulator and coenzyme for many important biochemical reactions.

D-Mannitol (Mannitol) is a diuretic and renal diagnostic aid related to sorbitol. It has little significant energy value as it is largely eliminated from the body before any metabolism can take place. It can be used to treat oliguria associated with kidney failure or other manifestations of inadequate renal function and has been used for determination of glomerular filtration rate. D-Mannitol is also commonly used as a research tool in cell biological studies, usually to control osmolarity.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (4-Aminobutyric acid) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Protocatechuic acid (3, 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid) (3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) is a natural phenolic compound found in many edible and medicinal plants. Recent studies indicate that it could be used as a protective agent against cardiovascular diseases and neoplasms. The mechanism of its action is mostly associated with antioxidant activity, including inhibition of generation as well as scavenging of free radicals and up-regulating enzymes which participate in their neutralization.

Lactose is a disaccharide derived from galactose and glucose that is found in milk.

D-Galactose (Alpha-D-galactose) is an aldohexose that exists naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins and is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. It accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging.

Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a flavonoid natural product that inhibits influenza virus replication (EC50=24.7 μM) and aldose reductase activity (IC50=320 nM). Isoliquiritigenin has antitumor activity.

Benzyl benzoate (Benzoic acid benzyl ester) is one of the older preparations used for the therapy of scabies. Scabies is a skin infection caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei. Its symptoms are red spots, severe itching (particularly at night), and may lead to a secondary infection. Benzyl benzoate is useful in the therapy of scabies because it is lethal to this mite. It is also used for the therapy of lice affection of the body and head. Benzyl benzoate is not the therapy of choice for scabies because of its irritant properties.

Urea (Carbonyldiamide) is formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end metabolite of protein catabolism and accounts for about one-half of the total urinary solids.

Coumarin is a chemical compound poison found in many plants, notably in high concentration in the tonka bean, woodruff, and bison grass. It has clinical value as the precursor for several anticoagulants, notably warfarin.

Benzoic acid (Dracylic acid) is a fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.

Niacin (Nicotinic acid) is a water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family, which occurs in many animal and plant tissues, with antihyperlipidemic activity. Niacin is converted to its active form niacinamide, which is a component of the coenzymes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its phosphate form, NADP.

D-Glucose (Glucopyranose) is a monosaccharide, a natural glucose, a sweetener. D-Glucose is the main functional substance of living organisms, and is used as a nutrient in medicine, with diuretic, detoxification and cardiotonic effects.

Allantoin (Glyoxyldiureide), a urea hydantoin found in urine and plants, is used in dermatological preparations.