Aureothin

Aureothin is a natural nitroaryl-substituted polyketide that exhibits antitumor, antifungal, and insecticidal activities. It is a non-competitive inhibitor of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase of bovine heart, N. crassa, and E. coli (IC50s = 0.07, 0.08, and 22 nmol/mg protein, respectively).

Neoaureothin, a bacterial metabolite found in Streptomyces, is an androgen receptor (AR) antagonist that inhibits dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding to ARs (IC50 = 13 μM) and DHT-induced prostate-specific antigen expression in LNCaP cells (IC50 = 1.75 nM). It is cytotoxic to A549, HCT116, and HepG2 cells (IC50s = 34.3, 47, and 37.2 μg ml, respectively), exhibits nematocidal activity against the pine wood nematode B. xylophilus (LC50 = 0.84 μg ml), and increases survival of P. densiflora trees inoculated with B. xylophilus.