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(±)-Carnitine chloride

Catalog No. T6475 CAS 461-05-2

Synonyms: Monocamin, DL-Carnitine HCl, Bicarnesine, DL-Carnitine chloride

(±)-Carnitine chloride (Monocamin) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine.

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(±)-Carnitine chloride Chemical Structure

(±)-Carnitine chloride, CAS 461-05-2

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500 mg	In stock	$ 41.00
1 mL * 10 mM (in DMSO)	In stock	$ 45.00

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Purity: 98%

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Description	(±)-Carnitine chloride (Monocamin) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine.
In vitro	L-carnitine primarily facilitates the translocation of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane by transforming acyl-CoA into acyl-carnitine via carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I activation. This acyl-carnitine is then converted back into acyl-CoA within the mitochondrial matrix by CPT-II. L-carnitine's introduction enhances palmitoyl-CoA-induced mitochondrial respiration, further accelerated by ADP, showcasing a concentration-dependent effect that reaches saturation at 5 mM L-carnitine[1]. Additionally, L-carnitine pre-treatment enhances Nrf2 nuclear translocation, its DNA binding activity, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in Water2-treated HL7702 cells, providing protection against Water2-induced cell damage through Akt-mediated Nrf2 signaling pathway activation[2].
In vivo	L-carnitine has been shown to modulate the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and enhance IGF-1 levels in animal studies. Its administration over two weeks can mitigate muscle mass and fiber size reduction in the soleus muscle caused by hindlimb suspension. Additionally, L-carnitine inhibits atrogin-1 mRNA expression, crucial for preventing muscle atrophy. Concurrent L-carnitine treatment also reduces renal fibrosis—associated with lowered plasma TGF-β1 levels—and addresses the enhanced oxidative and inflammatory states observed in L-NAME treated groups, alongside promoting PPAR-γ expression.
Kinase Assay	Mitochondria (0.6 mg protein/mL) are incubated in 2.5 mM Hepes (pH7.4) containing 225 mM mannitol, 75 mM sucrose and 100 μM ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) with or without 5 mM L-carnitine at 25°C. To measure oxygen uptake, 10 min after inorganic phosphate (Pi) 4 mM are added, the mitochondria are treated with palmitoyl-CoA (50 μM) and then ADP is added (200 μM). Oligomycin (5 μM) and rotenone (10 μM) are added 3-4 min after the ADP treatment. HPG (0-10 mM), which can specifically inhibit carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I activity in the mitochondria, is added in the Hepes medium before incubation of the mitochondria[1].

Synonyms	Monocamin, DL-Carnitine HCl, Bicarnesine, DL-Carnitine chloride
Molecular Weight	197.66
Formula	C7H15NO3·HCl
CAS No.	461-05-2

Storage

Powder: -20°C for 3 years | In solvent: -80°C for 1 year

Solubility Information

H2O: 37 mg/mL (187.2 mM)

Ethanol: < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)

DMSO: 38 mg/mL (192.2 mM)

References and Literature

1. Oyanagi E, et al. Protective action of L-carnitine on cardiac mitochondrial function and structure against fatty acidstress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Aug 19;412(1):61-7. 2. Li J, et al. l-carnitine protects human hepatocytes from oxidative stress-induced toxicity through Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 May;94(5):517-25. 3. Jang J, et al. l-Carnitine supplement reduces skeletal muscle atrophy induced by prolonged hindlimb suspension in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Dec;41(12):1240-1247. 4. Zambrano, S., Blanca, A., Ruiz-Armenta, M., Miguel-Carrasco, J., Arevalo, M., Mate, A., & Vazquez, C. (2014). L-Carnitine Attenuates the Development of Kidney Fibrosis in Hypertensive Rats by Upregulating PPAR-. American Journal Of Hypertension, 27(3), 460-470. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt268

Related compound libraries

This product is contained In the following compound libraries：

Anti-Cancer Drug Library Anti-Cancer Approved Drug Library Drug Repurposing Compound Library Metabolism Compound Library Cuproptosis Compound Library Pyroptosis Compound Library NF-κB Signaling Compound Library NO PAINS Compound Library Anti-Obesity Compound Library FDA-Approved Drug Library

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Keywords

(±)-Carnitine chloride 461-05-2 Immunology/Inflammation Metabolism NF-Κb Reactive Oxygen Species DL-Carnitine Chloride (±) Carnitine chloride inhibit Inhibitor Monocamin DL-Carnitine HCl Bicarnesine (±)Carnitine chloride DL-Carnitine DL-Carnitine chloride Carnitine Chloride (±)-Carnitine inhibitor

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