Tempol (Tanol) is a superoxide scavenger. It has anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and analgesic effects.

Adiphenine hydrochloride (Patrovina), a nicotinic receptor inhibitor, can be used as an antispasmodic drug.

L-NAME hydrochloride (L-NAME HCl), a cell-permeable NO synthase inhibitor, displays Ki values of 4.4 μM, 15 nM, and 39 nM, for iNOS (mouse) , nNOS (bovine) , and eNOS (human), respectively.

Diethylmaleate (Maleic acid, diethyl ester) is the diethyl ester of maleic acid and a glutathione-depleting compound that inhibits NF-kB.

Lycopene (ψ,ψ-Carotene) is a linear, unsaturated hydrocarbon carotenoid, the major red pigment in fruits such as tomatoes, pink grapefruit, apricots, red oranges, watermelon, rosehips, and guava. As a class, carotenoids are pigment compounds found in photosynthetic organisms (plants, algae, and some types of fungus), and are chemically characterized by a large polyene chain containing 35-40 carbon atoms; some carotenoid polyene chains are terminated by two 6-carbon rings. In animals, carotenoids such as lycopene may possess antioxidant properties which may retard aging and many degenerative diseases. As an essential nutrient, lycopene is required in the animal diet.

Acetylcysteine (NAC) is an N-acetyl derivative of cysteine, a ROS inhibitor and mucolytic agent. Acetylcysteine induces apoptosis, can be used to reduce mucus thickness, and has anti-influenza viral activity.

Glucosamine (Chitosamine) is an amino sugar and a prominent precursor in the biochemical synthesis of glycosylated proteins and lipids. Supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis.

Diallyl disulfide has antitumor effect, the effect can be enhanced by miR-200b and miR-22.